Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

The development of emerging technologies in a wide variety of distinct fields requires continuous innovation and implementation to advance civilization. The goal of this scientific scheme is to find smart technological materials. Recent years have seen an increase in attention to electrospinning, an electrostatic fiber fabrication method, owing to its flexibility and possibility of utilizing it in the fields of manufacturing, biomedical, textile, and aerospace industry. Similarly, self-healing materials have fascinated many researchers recently due to their effectiveness in improving the durability of materials and products. The concept of self-healing is a fresh perspective for advanced and responsive materials. They can be fabricated to mimic the healing ability of biological organisms, and therefore, can automatically and instantly repair damaged parts. Integrating electrospun nanofiber (0.01 to 10 μm diameter range) with a self-healing mechanism is applicable in various engineering applications. Core/shell nanofibers have been recently used in advanced composites to induce self-healing and to enhance material reinforcement.

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Section: Self-healing Materials and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Nanofibers for Engineering Applications

Chaudhary

Kandasubramanian

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Additionally, the self-repairing ability of actuators by the electrode material will significantly increase actuator's lifetime and reliability. [61,62]…”

Section: Stack Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Processing of Conductive Elastomer Composites for Green Dielectric Elastomer Transducers

Danner

Iacob

Sasso

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Stretchable electrodes are more suitable for dielectric elastomer transducers (DET) the closer the mechanical characteristics of the electrodes and elastomer are. Here, a solvent-free synthesis and processing of conductive composites with excellent electrical and mechanical properties for transducers are presented. The composites are prepared by in situ polymerization of cyclosiloxane monomers in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets. The low viscosity of the monomer allows for easy dispersion of the filler, eliminating the need for a solvent. After the polymerization, a cross-linking agent is added at room temperature, the composite is solvent-free screen-printed, and the cross-linking reaction is initiated by heating. The best material shows conductivity 𝝈 = 8.2 S cm -1 , Young's modulus Y 10% = 167 kPa, and strain at break s = 305%. The electrode withstands large strains without delamination, shows no conductivity losses during repeated operation for 500 000 cycles, and has an excellent recovery of electrical properties upon being stretched at strains of up to 180%. Reliable prototype capacitive sensors and stack actuators are manufactured by screen-printing the conductive composite on the dielectric film. Stack actuators manufactured from dielectric and conductive materials that are synthesized solvent-free are demonstrated. The stack actuators even self-repair after a breakdown event.

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“…Various physical interactions (e.g., H-bonding, coordination, and host-guest) and dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., Diels-Alder reaction, B-O bonds, and disulfide bonds) were used for these purposes. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In particular, some wet adhesives were designed from catechol groups in mimic of mussel proteins of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa). [18] Couples of reversible wet adhesives were also synthesized on basis of catechol-metal complex, [19,20] but with the weak adhesion strength and long curing time (from hours to days).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Wet‐Adhesive and Self‐Healing Conductive Composite Elastomer of Liquid Metal

Pei

Liu

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Stretchable conductors with the combination of high elasticity and electric conductivity have long been pursued in soft electronics. Liquid metals (LMs), whose mechanical properties match well with the elastomeric matrix, have been successfully applied in soft robotics, electronic skins and wearable devices. But it remains challenging to develop conductive composite elastomers of LMs with reversible adhesion and self-healing. Herein, EGaIn droplets are uniformly dispersed into elastomer, which contain dynamic disulfide to endow the composite elastomer with thermal processability, recyclability, reversible wet adhesion, and self-healing. With the EGaIn content of ≥40 vol.%, the resultant composite elastomer shows the electric conductivity of 1.3 × 104 S m −1 , self-healing in 8.0 h, and reversible wet adhesion strength up to 670 kPa after curing for 2.0 h. When serving as conductive adhesive, it can easily adhere to the metal electrode to light up the LED even when stretched to 50%. When serving as self-adhesive bioelectrode, it can also detect human electromyography signals. Thus, not only may this study provide a new platform of designing self-adhesive, self-healing, and conductive composite elastomers of liquid metals, but their reversible wet adhesion and self-healing also promise the facileness of building damage-endurable soft electronics and applying to human-machine interfaces.

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Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

Cited by 101 publications

References 158 publications

Self-Healing Nanofibers for Engineering Applications

Self-Healing Nanofibers for Engineering Applications

Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Processing of Conductive Elastomer Composites for Green Dielectric Elastomer Transducers

Reversible Wet‐Adhesive and Self‐Healing Conductive Composite Elastomer of Liquid Metal

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