Incubators have since long been an important element in the innovation cycle. In the framework of the new space economy, the role of incubators has changed over the past decade with a larger overlap between incubator and accelerator functions. Whereas this transition took earlier place in United States, the same trend is now also obvious in Europe. This article attempts to describe the present situation in Europe, at the same time clarifying the different types of incubators. As a basis of this article, European studies on incubators are described and analyzed. In a second step, a comparison is made between European and more result-oriented U.S. publications on the performance of incubators. To validate a potential need, a survey was made on the desire to establish such new space-oriented incubator in the environment of the International Space University at its central campus in France. The results of this survey are reported in this article.