Challenges and Opportunities in Multifunctional Nanocomposite Structures for Aerospace Applications

Baur, Jeff; Silverman, Edward

doi:10.1557/mrs2007.231

Cited by 207 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Owing to the unique physics and chemistry that occur at the nanoscale, nanocomposites are being developed for numerous technological applications, including construction and infrastructure development; 1-4 food 5,6 and electronic 7,8 packaging; biomedical devices and materials; 9-11 and automotive/aerospace materials. 12-14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental release of core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

Pillai

Gray

Tien

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Concomitant with the development of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technologies across numerous industries is an expanding awareness of the uncertainty with which engineered nanoparticles embedded within these materials may be released into the external environment, particularly liquid media. Recently there has been an interest in evaluating potential exposure to nanoscale fillers from PNCs, but existing studies often rely upon uncharacterized, poor quality, or proprietary materials, creating a barrier to making general mechanistic conclusions about release phenomena. In this study we employed semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots, QDs) as model nanofillers to quantify potential release into liquid media under specific environmental conditions. QDs of two sizes were incorporated into low-density polyethylene by melt compounding and the mixtures were extruded as free-standing fluorescent films. These films were subjected to tests under conditions intended to accelerate potential release of embedded particles or dissolved residuals into liquid environments. Using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy, it was found that the acidity of the external medium, exposure time, and small differences in particle size (on the order of a few nm) all play pivotal roles in release kinetics. Particle dissolution was found to play a major if not dominant role in the release process. This paper also presents the first evidence that internally embedded nanoparticles contribute to the mass transfer, an observation made possible via the use of a model system that was deliberately designed to probe the complex relationships between nanoparticle-enabled plastics and the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental release of core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

Pillai

Gray

Tien

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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show abstract

“…Nowadays, the use of polymer matrix nanocomposites is extended to several advanced industrial sectors, from aerospace to automotive, electronics or packaging [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Indeed, more recently, due to the increase of life expectancy, big efforts have been paid to the developments of new multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical applications, such as coronary stents, orthopedic devices, wires or scaffolds for bone regeneration [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable nanocomposites based on poly(ester-urethane) and nanosized hydroxyapatite: Plastificant and reinforcement effects

Navarro-Baena

Arrieta

Sonseca

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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The processing and characterization of biodegradable nanocomposites based on poly(ester-urethane)s reinforced with different amounts (0.5, 1 and 3 wt %) of nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA) are reported. The selected poly(ester-urethane) was synthesized starting from a tri-block copolymer based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). The nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion and by press molding. Several techniques were applied to investigate the properties of the nanocomposites. Electron microscopy revealed that the poly(ester-urethane) matrix is able to phase separate and that the addition of well-dispersed nanofillers modifies the dimension of the segregated phase. The thermal stability of the PU matrix, regulated by the PLLA block, decreased when low contents of nHA (0.5 and 1 wt %) were added, even if the thermal stability of the PCL-block was increased for each nHA amount. The good mechanical response of the nanocomposites confirmed the absence of agglomerates in the dispersion of the nanofillers in the polymeric matrix. The nHA presence also increased the surface hydrophilicity. Furthermore, rheology measurements, mechanical and thermal tests demonstrated the different behavior induced by the addition of nHA in different amounts. In fact, nHA acts as plasticizer at low concentrations (0.5, 1 wt %) and as reinforcement at a higher nHA amount (3 wt %). In vitro degradation tests were performed using a phosphate buffer solution. The results reported here are relevant for the development of nanocomposites based on a biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric matrix reinforced with small amounts of biocompatible nanofillers for different applications, especially in the biomedical field.Keywords: mechanical properties; phase morphology; nanocomposite; poly(lactide); biodegradable; poly(ester-urethane) Abbreviations DMA: Dynamic-mechanical analysis; DSC: Differential scanning calorimetry; FE-SEM: Field emission electron microscopy; HA: Hydroxyapatite; HDI: hexamethylene diisocyanate; nHA: Nanosized hydroxyapatite; PU: poly(ester-urethane); PU+0.5 HA: Nanocomposite of poly(ester-urethane) with 0.5 wt % of HA; PU+1 HA: Nanocomposite of poly(ester-urethane) with 1 wt % of HA; PU+3 HA: Nanocomposite of poly(ester-urethane) with 3 wt % of HA; PCL: Poly(ε-caprolactone); PLLA: Poly(Llactic acid); TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; Tg: Glass transition temperature; 3 TGA: Thermogravimetric analysis; Tm: melting temperature; WCA: water contact angle.

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“…Therefore, the drilling induced delamination was expected to reduce by applying microwave curing. In recent years, carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid composites draw many attentions as the next-generation aircraft composite [18]. As the carbon nanotubes can offer better interlaminar strength and higher thermal conductivity by modifying the matrix resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling delamination and thermal damage of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites processed by microwave curing

Zhou

et al. 2015

International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture

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Challenges and Opportunities in Multifunctional Nanocomposite Structures for Aerospace Applications

Cited by 207 publications

References 39 publications

Environmental release of core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

Environmental release of core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

Biodegradable nanocomposites based on poly(ester-urethane) and nanosized hydroxyapatite: Plastificant and reinforcement effects

Drilling delamination and thermal damage of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites processed by microwave curing

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