Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose

Cirujano, Francisco G.; Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi

doi:10.1002/cctc.202100943

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] In this sense, MOFs offer the possibility of immobilizing acid sites in the nodes of porous frameworks that allows well-defined and accessible active sites in the solid matrix. [17][18][19][20][21] Among all the metals employed in the synthesis of robust and active MOFbased catalysts, Zr(IV) MOFs such as the UiO family or MOF-808, which contain Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (RCO 2 ) 12 clusters, have been widely applied for the activation of carbonyls or other oxo-functions due to the presence of highly oxophilic coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS). [22][23][24][25] These MOFs are also the preferred systems in acid-catalyzed direct amidation reactions between carboxylic acids and amines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOF nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts for direct amide bond formations

2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOF nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts for direct amide bond formations

2022

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“…There are many processing stages to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a direct source of biofuel, but the most important step is the decomposition of cellulose to fermentable (intermediate) sugars, which can be a feasible substrate for biofuel [ 1 ]. Environmentally favorable avenue for biomass processing is the use of enzymes which decompose cellulose to glucose [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, low thermal and storage stability of enzymes as well as the presence of impurities, enzyme leakage, and a reusability problem are major shortcomings of employing free enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing

2022

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Nanobiocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on nanostructured supports, received considerable attention because they are potential remedies to overcome shortcomings of traditional biocatalysts, such as low efficiency of mass transfer, instability during catalytic reactions, and possible deactivation. In this short review, we will analyze major aspects of immobilization of cellulase—an enzyme for cellulosic biomass waste processing—on nanostructured supports. Such supports provide high surface areas, increased enzyme loading, and a beneficial environment to enhance cellulase performance and its stability, leading to nanobiocatalysts for obtaining biofuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we will discuss such nanostructured supports as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles (NPs), nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica NPs, hierarchical porous materials, magnetic NPs and their nanohybrids, based on publications of the last five years. The use of magnetic NPs is especially favorable due to easy separation and the nanobiocatalyst recovery for a repeated use. This review will discuss methods for cellulase immobilization, morphology of nanostructured supports, multienzyme systems as well as factors influencing the enzyme activity to achieve the highest conversion of cellulosic biowaste into fermentable sugars. We believe this review will allow for an enhanced understanding of such nanobiocatalysts and processes, allowing for the best solutions to major problems of sustainable biorefinery.

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“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers consisting of metal containing nodes and organic ligands linked through coordination bonds, are superior to other porous materials commonly used to immobilize enzymes (zeolites, mesoporous silica, macroporous polymers, etc.). MOFs have ultrahigh porosity and one of the best surface area properties amongst all the support materials because they are finely tunable and crystalline, thus exhibiting uniformity and long-range ordering [2,3]. MOFs are perfect hosts that can protect guest enzymes from inhospitable external environments, such as elevated temperature, organic solvents, or proteolytic enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Glycoproteins’ Carbohydrate Moiety as a General Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Biocatalysts by Biomimetic Mineralization: The Case of Glucose Oxidase

et al. 2021

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Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is widely used as a protective coating to encapsulate proteins via biomimetic mineralization. The formation of nucleation centers and further biocomposite crystal growth is entirely governed by the pure electrostatic interactions between the protein’s surface and the positively charged Zn(II) metal ions. It was previously shown that enhancing these electrostatic interactions by a chemical modification of surface amino acid residues can lead to a rapid biocomposite crystal formation. However, a chemical modification of carbohydrate components by periodate oxidation for glycoproteins can serve as an alternative strategy. In the present study, an industrially important enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) was selected as a model system. Periodate oxidation of GOx by 2.5 mM sodium periodate increased negative charge on the enzyme molecule, from −10.2 to −36.9 mV, as shown by zeta potential measurements and native PAGE electrophoresis. Biomineralization experiments with oxidized GOx resulted in higher specific activity, effectiveness factor, and higher thermostability of the ZIF-8 biocomposites. Periodate oxidation of carbohydrate components for glycoproteins can serve as a facile and general method for facilitating the biomimetic mineralization of other industrially relevant glycoproteins.

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Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

MOF nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts for direct amide bond formations

MOF nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts for direct amide bond formations

Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing

Chemical Modification of Glycoproteins’ Carbohydrate Moiety as a General Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Biocatalysts by Biomimetic Mineralization: The Case of Glucose Oxidase

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