“…The questionnaire used in the survey was developed in [29] according to the principles of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior [30] and the Theory of Planned Behavior [31]. According to these models, a person's attitude to waste processing is determined by the complex action of 9 influencing factors.…”
Section: Survey Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A lack of understanding of the benefits involved seems to be a key and common problem in the uptake of upcycling. According to the model from [29], perceived benefits directly form an attitude to upcycling P B→At. The lack of perceived benefits deforms the perception of upcycling and does not allow one to take a conscious, positive attitude.…”
Section: Identified Problems In Understanding and Applying Upcycling ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If the SN factor shows even a tiny level of perception, then the other two factors, P N and RB, vary practically at the zero level. At the same time, social factors, according to the [29] scheme, are among the main factors that shape human intentions. It can be assumed that the mentioned situation indicates a lack of understanding in society (respondents show similar behaviour from entirely different spheres of activity) of the role and importance of waste management.…”
Section: Identified Problems In Understanding and Applying Upcycling ...mentioning
The attitude to upcycling technologies of undergraduate students of five specialities (design, clothing industry technology, vocational education and training, industrial pharmacy and psychology) and their teachers was investigated using the questionnaire method. Students’ pReferences practically do not depend on specialities. For all students, subgroups of upcycling enthusiasts and sceptics are observed which regularly resort to upcycling or almost do not use it. An almost complete misunderstanding and imperception of the benefits and importance of upcycling is a key and common problem. Social factors have a minimal influence on the opinion of respondents, which may indicate a lack of understanding in society of the role and importance of waste management. All the shortcomings and problems in understanding upcycling are common to students and teachers. In general, the positive attitude towards upcycling and the intention to use upcycling in life in the answers most likely has an unconscious and artificial character (like a fashion trend) because the attitude towards other formative factors does not support it. The identified problems are related to the shortcomings of secondary school and undergraduate curricula, which hinder the formation of the necessary competencies for sustainable development. Methods of their solution are proposed and discussed.
“…The questionnaire used in the survey was developed in [29] according to the principles of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior [30] and the Theory of Planned Behavior [31]. According to these models, a person's attitude to waste processing is determined by the complex action of 9 influencing factors.…”
Section: Survey Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A lack of understanding of the benefits involved seems to be a key and common problem in the uptake of upcycling. According to the model from [29], perceived benefits directly form an attitude to upcycling P B→At. The lack of perceived benefits deforms the perception of upcycling and does not allow one to take a conscious, positive attitude.…”
Section: Identified Problems In Understanding and Applying Upcycling ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If the SN factor shows even a tiny level of perception, then the other two factors, P N and RB, vary practically at the zero level. At the same time, social factors, according to the [29] scheme, are among the main factors that shape human intentions. It can be assumed that the mentioned situation indicates a lack of understanding in society (respondents show similar behaviour from entirely different spheres of activity) of the role and importance of waste management.…”
Section: Identified Problems In Understanding and Applying Upcycling ...mentioning
The attitude to upcycling technologies of undergraduate students of five specialities (design, clothing industry technology, vocational education and training, industrial pharmacy and psychology) and their teachers was investigated using the questionnaire method. Students’ pReferences practically do not depend on specialities. For all students, subgroups of upcycling enthusiasts and sceptics are observed which regularly resort to upcycling or almost do not use it. An almost complete misunderstanding and imperception of the benefits and importance of upcycling is a key and common problem. Social factors have a minimal influence on the opinion of respondents, which may indicate a lack of understanding in society of the role and importance of waste management. All the shortcomings and problems in understanding upcycling are common to students and teachers. In general, the positive attitude towards upcycling and the intention to use upcycling in life in the answers most likely has an unconscious and artificial character (like a fashion trend) because the attitude towards other formative factors does not support it. The identified problems are related to the shortcomings of secondary school and undergraduate curricula, which hinder the formation of the necessary competencies for sustainable development. Methods of their solution are proposed and discussed.
“…The original function cannot be restored, and therefore a trade-off between the remaining value of the product (e.g., valuable or useful material, distinct designs or patterns) are worth the investment in money and time to upcycle the product. As in the late use stage, the decision to upcycle the product is influenced by knowledge and skills, such as creativity, accessibility of tools, and considerations of money, time, and effort compared to the cost of buying a new product [23,[59][60][61][62].…”
Product life extension is recognized as an important tool for creating more sustainable production and consumption patterns; yet, there is a lack of studies with comprehensive insights into how consumers interact with products throughout the product’s life span, or knowledge about the strategies consumers apply to change their behaviors and avoid premature disposal. The purpose of this study is to explore the motives and strategies users apply that positively affect product lifetimes, which provides much-needed input on the consumer’s perspective in the circular economy. The study applies a qualitative ethnographic research methodology on 26 households, in which we investigated how differently motivated users engaged with products in their homes; how they approached, developed, and modified products to fit personal needs, and, eventually, end up prolonging product lifetimes. The study contributes a new perspective on user research in the circular economy and suggests a new paradigm for circular conceptual design. Specifically, the study shows how existing user strategies for product longevity can be identified and used as a starting point for designing products and services that prolong product lifetimes.
“…Upcycling incorporates a variety of material processes including various CE practices (such as 'creative' and/or 'innovative' repair, reuse, refurbishment, redesign, and remanufacturing) to create a product of higher quality or value than the compositional elements (i.e. used/waste materials, components and products) (Sung, 2017;Singh et al, 2019). The concepts and practices in the CE and upcycling overlap depending on the definitions of the terms provided by academics and practitioners in various disciplines and sectors in different parts of the world (Sung, Singh and Bridgens, 2021).…”
Design and engineering are fundamental activities in shaping the world we live in. Educating new generations in design and engineering, therefore, is crucial to build a better and more sustainable world. The changes in education for the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, in particular, has become a priority for many educators. Aligned with the circular economy, a promising umbrella concept and practice called 'upcycling' is emerging. The concepts and practices in the circular economy and upcycling overlap depending on the definitions of the terms in various disciplines and sectors in different parts of the world. This has caused some confusion and misunderstanding. For educators aiming to teach students about sustainable design, production and consumption, it is beneficial to distinguish between these two concepts. Understanding the relationships (or interrelationships) between them in theory and practice is important for the educators to offer clear guidance and recommendations to future designers and engineers. This paper provides literature review on upcycling and circular economy, compares these two concepts, and visualises their interrelationship as draft teaching materials for design education.
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