Challenges and Opportunities for Data Assimilation in Mountainous Environments

Hacker, Joshua P.; Draper, C.; Madaus, Luke

doi:10.3390/atmos9040127

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…In an operational atmospheric forecast, data assimilation deals with very large-scale state space systems and typically enables initialization of models by statistically combining information from short-range model forecasts and observations, based on the estimated uncertainty of each [182]. Data assimilation methods differ primarily in their treatment of the model background error and the methods for solving the analysis equations [183]. Both variational (adjoint methods) and sequential methods (Kalman filters) have been successfully used in operational weather centers to minimize the error between forecasting trajectory and noisy observation data.…”

Section: Nonintrusive Data-driven Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

2020

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A digital twin can be defined as an adaptive model of a complex physical system. Recent advances in computational pipelines, multiphysics solvers, artificial intelligence, big data cybernetics, data processing and management tools bring the promise of digital twins and their impact on society closer to reality. Digital twinning is now an important and emerging trend in many applications. Also referred to as a computational megamodel, device shadow, mirrored system, avatar or a synchronized virtual prototype, there can be no doubt that a digital twin plays a transformative role not only in how we design and operate cyber-physical intelligent systems, but also in how we advance the modularity of multi-disciplinary systems to tackle fundamental barriers not addressed by the current, evolutionary modeling practices. In this work, we review the recent status of methodologies and techniques related to the construction of digital twins. Our aim is to provide a detailed coverage of the current challenges and enabling technologies along with recommendations and reflections for various stakeholders.

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Section: Nonintrusive Data-driven Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

2020

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“…Detailed discussions of several issues related to high-resolution modeling in complex terrain can be found in Zhong and Chow [145], Doyle et al [146], and Chow et al [147] and are thus only briefly summarized here. The topic of data assimilation in mountainous terrain and related challenges are discussed in Hacker et al [148].…”

Section: Modeling Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Challenges in Understanding and Predicting Transport and Exchange in the Atmosphere over Mountainous Terrain

Lehner

Rotach

2018

Atmosphere

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Coupling of the earth’s surface with the atmosphere is achieved through an exchange of momentum, energy, and mass in the atmospheric boundary layer. In mountainous terrain, this exchange results from a combination of multiple transport processes, which act and interact on different spatial and temporal scales, including, for example, orographic gravity waves, thermally driven circulations, moist convection, and turbulent motions. Incorporating these exchange processes and previous studies, a new definition of the atmospheric boundary layer in mountainous terrain, a mountain boundary layer (MBL), is defined. This paper summarizes some of the major current challenges in measuring, understanding, and eventually parameterizing the relevant transport processes and the overall exchange between the MBL and the free atmosphere. Further details on many aspects of the exchange in the MBL are discussed in several other papers in this issue.

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“…First, dense measurement networks that exploit remote sensing platforms and targeted observations are needed to map the state of the atmosphere near mountains in three dimensions [48]. Second, it is necessary to make use of high-resolution NWP models, using discretization methods with sufficient accuracy and stability over steep terrain [49], appropriate sub-grid-scale (SGS) process parameterizations, and initial and boundary conditions that represent the multi-scale variability of the atmosphere over and near mountains [50]. Third, it is essential to achieve a better conceptual understanding of the processes at play between the synoptic-and micro-scale ends of the spectrum of atmospheric motions, including their cross-scale interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The exchange of heat, momentum, and mass in the atmosphere over mountainous terrain is controlled by synoptic-scale dynamics, thermally driven mesoscale circulations, and turbulence. This article reviews the key challenges relevant to the understanding of exchange processes in the mountain boundary layer and outlines possible research priorities for the future. The review describes the limitations of the experimental study of turbulent exchange over complex terrain, the impact of slope and valley breezes on the structure of the convective boundary layer, and the role of intermittent mixing and wave-turbulence interaction in the stable boundary layer. The interplay between exchange processes at different spatial scales is discussed in depth, emphasizing the role of elevated and ground-based stable layers in controlling multi-scale interactions in the atmosphere over and near mountains. Implications of the current understanding of exchange processes over mountains towards the improvement of numerical weather prediction and climate models are discussed, considering in particular the representation of surface boundary conditions, the parameterization of sub-grid-scale exchange, and the development of stochastic perturbation schemes.

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Challenges and Opportunities for Data Assimilation in Mountainous Environments

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

Current Challenges in Understanding and Predicting Transport and Exchange in the Atmosphere over Mountainous Terrain

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

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