Challenges and modification strategies of high-voltage cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Hard carbon derived from Physalis alkekengi L. husks as a stable anode for sodium-ion batteries

“…41 In addition, to quantify the specific contributions of these two behaviors, the current response ( i ) at a fixed potential ( V ) was split into capacitance effects ( k 1 v ) and ion diffusion processes ( k 2 v 1/2 ) according to eqn (3) and (4). 1,4 i ( V ) = k 1 v + k 2 v 1/2 i / v 1/2 = k 1 v 1/2 + k 2 where k 1 and k 2 are constants. Fig.…”

“…1–3 However, the scarcity and uneven distribution of lithium sources threaten the price and supply stability of LIBs. 4–6 As a promising alternative to LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received rapidly increasing attention owing to their similar electrochemical properties to LIBs and the merits of low cost, high safety, and the ability to operate at low temperatures. 7–9…”

“…Anodes, a crucial component of metal-ion batteries, are vital for battery cell safety and longevity and play a decisive role in the electrochemical kinetics and energy density of SIBs. 4,10,11 Currently, there are various materials being employed as SIB anodes, such as alloying materials, metal oxides/chalcogenides/phosphides, carbon materials, and organic compounds. 12 Hard carbon (HC) is considered as a promising option for commercial SIBs because of the abundance of precursors, superior electrochemical properties, and low-voltage plateaus.…”