Challenges and limits of fractal and slot antennas for WLAN, LTE, ISM, and 5G communication: a review paper

Abed, Amer T.; Singh, Mandeep Singh Jit; Thiruchelvam, Vinesh; Duraikannan, Shankar; Tawfeeq, Omar Almukhtar; Tawfeeq, Bushra Amer; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul

doi:10.1007/s12243-020-00828-6

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For the size reduction of the antenna, we employed Moore's fractal geometry which in turn lowered the operating frequency of the antenna by increasing its electrical length that results in achieving the required compactness [13]. It is a well established fact that the dimensions of the ground if modified can change the antenna impedance and therefore can help in selecting the desired band of operation [17]. The overall planar size of the prototype is 0.135𝜆 0 × 0.093𝜆 0 where 𝜆 0 is the wavelength of the lowest resonating frequency.…”

Section: A Geometrical Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact Hybrid Moore’s Fractal Inspired Wearable Antenna for IoT Enabled Bio-Telemetry in Diagnostic Health Monitoring System

et al. 2022

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Since the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled medical diagnostic system requires unprecedented precision and automation for better health care delivery, therefore in such systems, the performance of antennas for efficiently transferring data (vital functions of the human body) is an important task. To address these concerns, a mechanically robust, novel hybrid wearable on-body antenna inspired by Moore's fractalbased geometry and conventional rectangular loop for a diagnostic health monitoring system is proposed. The structure developed involves the etching of Moore's curve onto a conventional rectangular patch and subsequently encasing it in a rectangular loop along with a defected ground structure. The proposed antenna exhibits dual-band with bandwidth ranging from 1.38 -1.8 GHz and 2.25 -4.88 GHz respectively, covering WMTS, ISM, and Personal Communication band besides covering a portion of UWB band also. The two operating bands of the antenna are wideband with fractional bandwidth of 38.5% and 73% respectively. It is observed that the average specific absorption rate (SAR) over the multi-layer phantom is 0.025 W/kg for an input power of ≈ 24 dBm. In comparison to the recently reported wearable antennas, the design proposed has a compact footprint of 0.135 λo x 0.093λo x 0.004λo besides offering a dual-band of operation, peak gain of 2.2 dBi, overall radiated efficiency of 95% and SAR below 0.025 W/kg. The design is fabricated using Rogers 5880 substrate (semi-flex) of thickness 0.75 mm. The experimental results validate the simulated results making the proposed antenna a promising candidate for the bio-medical application. On analysing the performance of the proposed antenna onto the human body (human body loading), it is concluded that the proposed antenna structure is appropriate for bio-telemetric application in diagnostic health monitoring systems wherein data is relayed from all bio-sensors to remote control systems.

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Section: A Geometrical Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact Hybrid Moore’s Fractal Inspired Wearable Antenna for IoT Enabled Bio-Telemetry in Diagnostic Health Monitoring System

et al. 2022

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“…To address this challenge, the research and development of novel antenna systems have gained supreme importance. Among these inventions, multiband slot antennas have arose as capable candidates to empower efficient 5G communication in an increasingly connected and data-demanding world [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiband SINC-slotted Patch Antenna for 5G Applications

Sultan,

Sabaawi

2024

Period. Polytech. Elec. Eng. Comp. Sci.

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In this work, we presented the design, analysis and optimization of the multiband slotted antennas based on SINC function for 5G applications. The proposed antennas are designed and modelled by CST Studio Suite software. A parametric study is performed to determine sinc function parameters that control the performance of the proposed antenna. The parametric study is implemented by varying the amplitude of the sinc function, the frequency, the location of the slot along Y-axis, the slot width and the slot window (number of cycles). The simulated results showed that the designed slotted antennas in this paper exhibits multiband operation and they offer the feasibility of controlling and adjusting the resonant frequency by changing the sinc function parameters. The proposed antennas have various resonant frequencies at around 1.5 GHz, 2.65 GHz, 5 GHz and 5.8 GHz covering the 5G sub-6 GHz band. Extensive simulation process were carried out to determine the optimum antenna performance and three antennas were selected based on the reflection characteristics and number of operation frequency bands. Finally, the three selected antennas were manufactured and their performance were measured in the lab for validation. Experimental results showed that an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results was achieved.

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“…Many techniques have been used in the literature for improving isolation. The techniques can be categorised into four broad approaches, namely, polarisation diversity (Taki and Abou-Rjeily, 2022; Adamiuk et al , 2009; Aboufoul et al , 2012; Osman et al , 2016; Peristerianos et al , 2016; Kaur et al , 2021; Sghaier and Latrach, 2021; Kim-Thi and Tran, 2021), quasi-self-complementary approach (Zhu et al , 2016; Khattak et al , 2021), pattern diversity (Tao and Feng, 2016; Divya et al , 2021; Dahl et al , 2017; Reddy et al , 2015; Sohi and Kaur, 2020) and usage of additional decoupling structures (Chacko et al , 2013; Xie et al , 2013; Chattha et al , 2013; Mao and Chu, 2014; MoradiKordalivand et al , 2014; Kang et al , 2015; Ramachandran et al , 2016; Chao-Ming et al , 2015; Bannered et al , 2017; Rajkumar et al , 2015; Deng et al , 2016; Li et al , 2013; Masoodi et al , 2020; Thakur et al , 2021; Abed et al , 2021; Singh et al , 2021; Kaboutari and Hosseini, 2021). We now provide a comprehensive review of some of these works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miniaturized band-rejected antenna has modified EBG to provide three band notch characteristics and also a C-shaped slot is used to improve S 11 and S 21 performance (Thakur et al , 2021). In Abed et al (2021), multiple single element antennas are analysed for 5G applications and the paper carefully points the weakness of such designs and the necessity to adopt multiple antenna technology. Compact dual and four elements MIMO antenna with decoupling circuit provides better performance in isolation and the impedance matching (Singh et al , 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A monopole polarisation diversity antenna for high density packaging MIMO applications

K.M.¹,

Kavya²,

Rajkumar

2023

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a single element, dual feed, polarisation diversity antenna. The proposed antenna operates from 2.9 to 10.6 GHz for covering the entire ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. The antenna is designed for usage in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and closed packaging applications. Design/methodology/approach The size of the antenna is 24 × 24 × 1.6 mm3. The radiating element of the antenna is derived from the Sierpinski–Knopp (SK) fractal geometry for miniaturization of the antenna size. The antenna has a single reflecting stub placed between the two orthogonal feeds, to improve isolation. Findings The proposed antenna system exhibits S11 < −10 dB, S21 < −15 dB and stable radiation characteristics in the entire operating region. It also offers an envelope correlation coefficient < 0.01, a diversity gain > 9.9 dB and a capacity loss < 0.4 bps/Hz. The simulated and measured outputs were compared and results were found to be in similarity. Originality/value The proposed UWB-MIMO antenna has significant size reduction through usage of SK fractal geometry for radiating element. The antenna uses a single radiating element with dual feed. The stub is between the antenna elements which provide a compact and miniaturized MIMO solution for high density packaging applications. The UWB-MIMO antenna provides an isolation better than −20 dB in the entire UWB operating band.

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Challenges and limits of fractal and slot antennas for WLAN, LTE, ISM, and 5G communication: a review paper

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Design of a Compact Hybrid Moore’s Fractal Inspired Wearable Antenna for IoT Enabled Bio-Telemetry in Diagnostic Health Monitoring System

Design of a Compact Hybrid Moore’s Fractal Inspired Wearable Antenna for IoT Enabled Bio-Telemetry in Diagnostic Health Monitoring System

Multiband SINC-slotted Patch Antenna for 5G Applications

A monopole polarisation diversity antenna for high density packaging MIMO applications

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