Challenges and Future Perspectives in the Systematics of Kickxellomycotina, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, and Zoopagomycotina

Benny, Gerald L.; Smith, Matthew E.; Kirk, Paul M.; Tretter, Eric D.; White, Merlin M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_5

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Clades GS20, GS21, and GS22 were loosely associated with Endogonales (Mucoromycotina), whereas a single group (clade GS23) formed a monophyletic branch with Umbelopsidaceae (Mucoromycotina). All these groups warrant at least class-level distinction from other mucoralean taxa [25]. A single novel clade of Glomeromycota—clade GS24—displayed strong affinities to Paraglomerales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel soil-inhabiting clades fill gaps in the fungal tree of life

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFungi are a diverse eukaryotic group of degraders, pathogens, and symbionts, with many lineages known only from DNA sequences in soil, sediments, air, and water.ResultsWe provide rough phylogenetic placement and principal niche analysis for >40 previously unrecognized fungal groups at the order and class level from global soil samples based on combined 18S (nSSU) and 28S (nLSU) rRNA gene sequences. Especially, Rozellomycota (Cryptomycota), Zygomycota s.lat, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota are rich in novel fungal lineages, most of which exhibit distinct preferences for climate and soil pH.ConclusionsThis study uncovers the great phylogenetic richness of previously unrecognized order- to phylum-level fungal lineages. Most of these rare groups are distributed in different ecosystems of the world but exhibit distinct ecological preferences for climate or soil pH. Across the fungal kingdom, tropical and non-tropical habitats are equally likely to harbor novel groups. We advocate that a combination of traditional and high-throughput sequencing methods enable efficient recovery and phylogenetic placement of such unknown taxonomic groups.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0259-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel soil-inhabiting clades fill gaps in the fungal tree of life

et al. 2017

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“…The genus Basidiolum is suspected to belong to this subphylum (Benny et al ., ). They live as parasites of free‐living amoebae (Zoopagaceae, Cochlonemataceae), soil microinvertebrates (Helicocephalidaceae, Zoopagaceae and Cochlonemataceae) or other fungi (Piptocephalidaceae and Sigmoideomycetaceae) (Benny et al ., ). Several members of the Cochlonemataceae are endoparasites of amoebae or small animals, requiring engulfment by phagocytosis or ingestion by their host (Benny et al ., ).…”

Section: Zygomycetous Fungimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The group comprises four recognized orders (Kickxellales, Harpellales, Asellariales and Dimargaritales) plus several genera of still unresolved phylogenetic placement ( Ramicandelaber , Barbatospora , Orphella , Spiromyces and Mycoëmilia ) (Tretter et al ., , ). New orders or higher taxonomical assignation for the Ramicandelaber and Spiromyces + Mycoëmilia clades have been proposed but have yet to find support (Benny et al ., ; Tedersoo et al ., ). Harpellales, Asellariales, Orphella , and Barbatospora are fungi with poorly developed thalli that are found in association with the gut of several groups of arthropods.…”

Section: Zygomycetous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zygomycetous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoopagomycotina comprises a single order, Zoopagales, that includes five families and around 20 genera (Hibbett et al ., ; Benny et al ., , ; Degawa, ). The genus Basidiolum is suspected to belong to this subphylum (Benny et al ., ). They live as parasites of free‐living amoebae (Zoopagaceae, Cochlonemataceae), soil microinvertebrates (Helicocephalidaceae, Zoopagaceae and Cochlonemataceae) or other fungi (Piptocephalidaceae and Sigmoideomycetaceae) (Benny et al ., ).…”

Section: Zygomycetous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi

2019

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The fungal kingdom comprises a hyperdiverse clade of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the presence of a chitinous cell wall, the loss of phagotrophic capabilities and cell organizations that range from completely unicellular monopolar organisms to highly complex syncitial filaments that may form macroscopic structures. Fungi emerged as a 'Third Kingdom', embracing organisms that were outside the classical dichotomy of animals versus vegetals. The taxonomy of this group has a turbulent history that is only now starting to be settled with the advent of genomics and phylogenomics. We here review the current status of the phylogeny and taxonomy of fungi, providing an overview of the main defined groups. Based on current knowledge, nine phylum-level clades can be defined: Opisthosporidia, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. For each group, we discuss their main traits and their diversity, focusing on the evolutionary relationships among the main fungal clades. We also explore the diversity and phylogeny of several groups of uncertain affinities and the main phylogenetic and taxonomical controversies and hypotheses in the field.

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