Challenges and Developments in Secure Routing Protocols for Healthcare in WBAN: A Comparative Analysis

Singla, Ripty; Kaur, Navneet; Koundal, Deepika; Bharadwaj, Anuj

doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08969-0

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…Optimization is a terminology used in various engineering applications and applied mathematics to perform either maximization or minimization of a particular function. Optimization problem involves formulating a problem model with single or multiple objective functions consisting of several variables [10]. These variables are called as decision variables which decide the convergence rate of the problem.…”

Section: Meta-heuristic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Sakthivel

Ganesan

2023

JMC

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In recent times, Wireless Body Area Networks a subsection of Wireless Sensor Network is a promising technology for future healthcare realm with cutting-edge technologies that can assist healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses and biomedical engineers. Machine Learning and Internet of Things enabled medical big data is the future of healthcare sector and Medical Technology-based industries leading to applications in other sectors such as fitness tracking for commercial purposes, Sportsperson health monitoring to track their day-to-day activities and wearable devices for critical and emergency care. This comprehensive review article addresses Wireless Body Area Network state-of-art and the dependence of Optimization Techniques and Meta-heuristic Algorithms for an efficient routing path between two sensor nodes: source node and destination node and it plays an effective role in optimizing the network parameters such as radio range, energy consumption, throughput, data aggregation, clustering and routing. Designing of energy-efficient routing for wireless body are network is such a challenging task due to uncertainty in dynamic network topology, energy constraints and limited power consumption. Optimization Techniques can help the researchers to achieve the drawbacks mentioned above and energy-efficiency of the network can be improved. In this article, we focus majorly on the efficiency of usage of optimization algorithms for Wireless Body Area Network routing mechanisms and a summary of its earlier studies during 2012-2023 epoch. Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony and Firefly Optimization algorithms were discussed on achieving local optima for better results through optimization. This article provides an insight into existing gaps and further modifications to the researchers in WBAN that can motivate them to propose new ideas for reliable solutions. Performance comparison and evaluation of different bio-inspired optimization algorithms has been discussed for further improvement in optimized routing algorithms.

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Section: Meta-heuristic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Sakthivel

Ganesan

2023

JMC

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“…Singla et al [ 6 ] defined many security criteria for WBANs and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of current secure routing techniques. Many secure routing protocols have been evaluated in terms of security and performance, and an assessment based on these characteristics has been produced, while a comprehensive review of concern about security and privacy is presented about WBAN in [ 7 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In MSWBAN, there are two types of threshold routing systems: data transmission and data reception. During the threshold routing of aggregated data from CHs to the BS, the routing protocol [ 6 ] utilizes an election energy threshold, T nhCH , to choose the next CHs.

where the per-bit dissipation of transmitter circuits is denoted by E elec , the transmitter amplifier dissipation is denoted by E amp , the bit length is given by k , whereas the transmission line length among the sender and receiver is given by d .…”

Section: Proposed Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients Using Multisensor Body Area Network Innovative System

Al_Barazanchi

Hashim

Alkahtani

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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As of late 2019, the COVID19 pandemic has been causing huge concern around the world. Such a pandemic posed serious threats to public safety, the well-being of healthcare workers, and the overall health of the population. If automation can be implemented in healthcare systems, patients could be better cared for and health industries could be less burdened. To combat such challenges, e-health requires apps and intelligent systems. Using WBAN sensors and networks, a doctor or medical professional can advise patients on the best course of action. Patients' fitness could be assessed using WBAN sensors without interfering with their daily activities. When designing a monitoring system, system performance reliability for competent healthcare is critical. Existing research has failed to create a large device capable of handling a large network or to improve WBAN topologies for fast transmitting and receiving patient data. As a result, in this research, we create a multisensor WBAN (MSWBAN) intelligent system for transmitting and receiving critical patient data. To gather information from all cluster nodes and send it to multisensor WBAN, a novel additive distance-threshold routing protocol (ADTRP) is proposed. In small networks where data are managed by the transmitting node and the best data route is determined, this protocol has less redundancy. An edge-cutting-based routing optimization (ES-EC-R ES-EC-RO) is used to find the best route. The Trouped blowfish MD5 (TB-MD5) algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt data, and the encrypted data are stored in a cloud database for security. The performance metrics of our proposed model are compared to current techniques for the best results. End-to-end latency is 63 ms, packet delivery is 95%, security is 95.7%, and throughput is 9120 bps, according to the results. The purpose of this article is to encourage engineers and front-line workers to develop digital health systems for tracking and controlling virus outbreaks.

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“…However, they can be used in several applications, such as: i) precision agriculture [2], ii) monitoring of underground environments [3], iii) military applications [4], among others. In this work, we consider WSNs applied to the acquisition and monitoring of biometric data [5], such as ECG (electrocardiogram) or blood oxygen saturation. This specialization is often called Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clustering Algorithm Based on Topological Anomalies Applied to Wireless Body Area Networks

Ferreira

Reis

Tcheou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are formed by autonomous devices that collect biometric data from the human body. Such devices (sensors) commonly use low transmitting power. Thus, even small postural variations can cause disconnections. Based on this problem, we propose an algorithm for cluster topology generation, based on anomalous topologies. The proposed algorithm determines metrics for the quality and stability of the clusters, based on a recent history of previous clusters. In order to perform a more realistic evaluation of the proposed algorithm, we consider a real-life typical movement pattern. The Omnet++ was considered, and simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed the LEACH protocol concerning both: i) energy conservation, and ii) packet delivery ratio in a WBAN with mobility.

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Challenges and Developments in Secure Routing Protocols for Healthcare in WBAN: A Comparative Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 101 publications

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Remote Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients Using Multisensor Body Area Network Innovative System

A Clustering Algorithm Based on Topological Anomalies Applied to Wireless Body Area Networks

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