Challenge and Threat

Blascovich, Jim

doi:10.4324/9780203888148.ch25

Cited by 231 publications

(604 citation statements)

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“…The authors suggest that attributions to controllable factors are largely responsible for cardiovascular changes since they epitomize a challenge response associated with activation of the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis (SAM). Indeed, several investigations have shown that when people demonstrate a challenge response, SAM activation causes an increase in heart rate, dilation of arteries (lower total peripheral vascular resistance), and increased blood flow (higher cardiac output) (see Blascovich, 2008;Jones, Meijen, McCarthy, & Sheffield, 2009). …”

Section: Physiological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical framework and research agenda for studying team attributions in sport

Allen

Coffee

Greenlees

2012

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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The attributions made for group outcomes have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years. In this article we bring together much of the current research on attribution theory in sport and outline a new conceptual framework and research agenda for investigating the attributions of team members. The proposed framework draws on multiple conceptual approaches including models of attribution, group dynamics and stress responses to provide a detailed hypothetical description of athletes' physiological, cognitive and affective responses to group competition. In describing this model we outline important antecedents of team attributions before hypothesising how attributions can impact hormonal and cardiovascular responses of athletes, together with cognitive (goals, choices, expectations), affective (selfesteem, emotions), and behavioural (approach-avoidance actions) responses of groups and group members. We conclude by outlining important methodological considerations and implications for structured context specific attribution-based interventions.

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Section: Physiological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical framework and research agenda for studying team attributions in sport

Allen

Coffee

Greenlees

2012

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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“…In contrast, maladaptive responses are characterized by appraising the stressor as a threat and decreased cardiovascular efficiency. Due to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, vasodilation is attenuated in threat leading to decreased, or little change in, CO and increased TPR (Blascovich, 2008). Increased threat reactivity is associated with worse cognitive performance than challenge (Blascovich et al, 1999;Kassam, Koslov, & Mendes, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When bad stress goes good: increased threat reactivity predicts improved category learning performance

2010

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The way in which we respond to everyday stressors can have a profound impact on cognitive functioning. Maladaptive stress responses in particular are generally associated with impaired cognitive performance. We argue, however, that the cognitive system mediating task performance is also a critical determinant of the stresscognition relationship. Consistent with this prediction, we observed that stress reactivity consistent with a maladaptive, threat response differentially predicted performance on two categorization tasks. Increased threat reactivity predicted enhanced performance on an information-integration task (i.e., learning is thought to depend upon a proceduralbased memory system), and a (nonsignificant) trend for impaired performance on a rule-based task (i.e., learning is thought to depend upon a hypothesis-testing system). These data suggest that it is critical to consider both variability in the stress response and variability in the cognitive system mediating task performance in order to fully understand the stress-cognition relationship.

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“…One theoretical framework that offers a vital insight into how individuals 43 respondtostressisthebiopsychosocial model (BPSM) of challenge and 44 threat (Blascovich, 2008a). Despite recent research examining this 45 model, particularly the consequences of challenge and threat states (e.g.,…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The BPSM specifies that when evaluated personal coping 60 resources match or exceed situational demands, a challenge state oc-61 curs. Conversely, when evaluated situational demands outweigh per-62 sonal coping resources, a threat state ensues (Blascovich, 2008a).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(1989), the BPSM contends that an individual's stress response during 53 a motivated performance situation (e.g., exam, speech, competitive 54 task) is determined by their evaluations of situational demands and per-55 sonal coping resources (Blascovich, 2008a). These evaluations are said 56 to be dynamic, relatively automatic (i.e., unconscious), and only occur 57 when an individual is actively engaged in a situation (indexed by in-58 creases in heart rate and decreases in the cardiac pre-ejection period; 59 Seery, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Examining the antecedents of challenge and threat states: The influence of perceived required effort and support availability

Moore

Vine

Wilson

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. This is DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement.Examining the antecedents of challenge and threat states: The influence 2 of perceived required effort and support availability 3 Lee J. To date, limited research has explicitly examined the antecedents of challenge and threat states proposed by the 17 biopsychosocial model. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of perceived required 18 effort and support availability on demand/resource evaluations, challenge and threat states, and motor perfor-19 mance. A 2 (required effort; high, low) × 2 (support availability; available, not available) between-subjects de-20 sign was used with one hundred and twenty participants randomly assigned to one of four experimental 21 conditions. Participants received instructions designed to manipulate perceptions of required effort and support 22 availability before demand/resource evaluations and cardiovascular responses were assessed. Participants then 23 performed the novel motor task (laparoscopic surgery) while performance was recorded. Participants in the 24 low perceived required effort condition evaluated the task as more of a challenge (i.e., resources outweighed de-25 mands), exhibited a cardiovascular response more indicative of a challenge state (i.e., higher cardiac output and 26 lower total peripheral resistance), and performed the task better (i.e., quicker completion t...

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Challenge and Threat

Cited by 231 publications

References 0 publications

A theoretical framework and research agenda for studying team attributions in sport

A theoretical framework and research agenda for studying team attributions in sport

When bad stress goes good: increased threat reactivity predicts improved category learning performance

Examining the antecedents of challenge and threat states: The influence of perceived required effort and support availability

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