Chalcopyrite leaching in sulfate–chloride media at ambient pressure

Ruiz, M.C.; Montes, K. S.; Padilla, R.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.05.007

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This agrees with the observations of Miki et al [13] who reported that the copper recovery from synthetic covellite increased marginally with an increasing chloride concentration in the range of 7-90 g/L. extensive research reported for copper ores with chloride, even for the leaching of concentrates and primary sulfides copper ores [26,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Effect Of Strong Chloride Mediasupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The testing of a high chloride media similar to seawater is motivated by the scarcity of fresh water and the potential use of this resource in copper leaching [27][28][29]. There are no other studies in the literature that use a media similar to seawater for copper leaching, although there has been extensive research reported for copper ores with chloride, even for the leaching of concentrates and primary sulfides copper ores [26,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Effect Of Strong Chloride Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching of White Metal in a NaCl-H2SO4 System under Environmental Conditions

et al. 2019

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The effect of NaCl on the leaching of white metal from a Teniente Converter was investigated in NaCl-H2SO4 media under environmental conditions. The copper dissolution from white metal was studied using ferric ions in the range of 1–10 g/L, NaCl in the range of 30–210 g/L, and sulfuric acid in the range of 10–50 g/L. The test without NaCl produced a dissolution of 55%; through the addition of NaCl, the dissolution increased to nearly 90%. The effect of sulfuric acid on the copper dissolution was not significant in the studied range, as the excess sulfuric acid simply increased the iron precipitation. The positive effect of NaCl seems to be related to the action of chloro-complex oxidizing agents in relation to the Cu+2/Cu+ couple. A simplified two-stage mechanism is proposed for the leaching of white metal. In the first stage, the white metal produces covellite and Cu2+, and in the second stage it produces elemental sulfur and Cu2+. The first stage is very rapidly compared to the second stage.

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Section: Effect Of Strong Chloride Mediasupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Effect Of Strong Chloride Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of White Metal in a NaCl-H2SO4 System under Environmental Conditions

et al. 2019

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“…Leaching is an alternative metallurgical treatment for chalcopyrite, although chalcopyrite tends to form passive layers around particles during leaching, which results in a slow dissolution rate and low levels of copper extraction [4,5]. Many researchers have reported a higher percentage of copper extraction in acid-chloride media than acid-sulfate media to leach chalcopyrite [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. A chloride-acid media promotes the formation of copper chloride-complexes [13] and iron chloride-complexes [14] that modify the redox potential (ORP), according Equations (1) and (2):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating Copper Leaching from Sulfide Ores in Acid-Nitrate-Chloride Media Using Agglomeration and Curing as Pretreatment

et al. 2019

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This work investigates the effect of an agglomeration and curing pretreatment on leaching of a copper sulfide ore, mainly chalcopyrite, using mini-columns in acid-nitrate-chloride media. Ten pretreatment tests were conducted to evaluate different variables, namely the addition of nitrate as NaNO 3 (11.7 and 23.3 kg/ton), chloride as NaCl (2.1 and 19.8 kg/ton), curing time (20 and 30 days) and repose temperature (25 and 45 • C). The optimum copper extraction of 58.6% was achieved with the addition of 23.3 kg of NaNO 3 /ton, 19.8 kg of NaCl/ton, and after 30 days of curing at 45 • C. Under these pretreatment conditions, three samples of ore were leached in mini-columns. The studied parameters were temperature (25 and 45 • C) and chloride concentration (20 and 40 g/L). The optimum copper extraction of 63.9% was obtained in the mini-column leaching test at 25 • C, with the use of 20 g/L of chloride. A higher temperature (45 • C) and a higher chloride concentration (40 g/L) negatively affected the extraction. The pretreatment stage had favorable effects, in terms of accelerating copper dissolution and improving leaching of copper sulfide ore in acid-nitrate-chloride media. Waste salts from caliche industry and waste brine from reverse osmosis can be used for providing the nitrate and chloride media.

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“…The values of ln k were plotted against 1000/T, that is the Arrhenius plot shown in Figure 9, and the apparent activation energies were found to be 91 J•mol −1 , with R 2 = 0.97 for copper and 101 J•mol −1 , with R 2 = 0.84 for silver. The relatively high values of the apparent activation energies suggests that electrochemical reactions were mainly responsible for the dissolution of copper [42] and silver from the seafloor massive sulphides during sulphuric acid leaching in the presence of manganese dioxide and sodium chloride. The Arrhenius equation, used to calculate the apparent activation energy, E a (J•mol −1 ), of the copper and silver phases' leaching, has the form:…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulphides Using MnO2 in H2SO4-NaCl Media

et al. 2018

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This paper reports the leaching of seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) from the Loki's Castle area at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge in sulphuric acid with manganese dioxide and sodium chloride. The results presented are of various leaching experiments conducted under different conditions in order to optimise the dissolution of copper and silver. It was shown that the main copper bearing minerals in the SMS were chalcopyrite and isocubanite, while silver could occur as an admixture in the crystallographic lattice of sulphides or as disseminated micro inclusions. Based on the results, the leaching mechanism was discussed and elucidated. It was shown that the dissolution of the SMS was mainly due to galvanic interactions between the primary marine minerals of SMS and manganese dioxide. Addition of sodium chloride promoted the extraction mechanism.

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Chalcopyrite leaching in sulfate–chloride media at ambient pressure

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

Leaching of White Metal in a NaCl-H2SO4 System under Environmental Conditions

Leaching of White Metal in a NaCl-H2SO4 System under Environmental Conditions

Accelerating Copper Leaching from Sulfide Ores in Acid-Nitrate-Chloride Media Using Agglomeration and Curing as Pretreatment

Galvanic Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulphides Using MnO2 in H2SO4-NaCl Media

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