Chalcone synthase and its functions in plant resistance

Dao, Thi Thanh Hien; Linthorst, Huub J. M.; Verpoorte, Robert

doi:10.1007/s11101-011-9211-7

Cited by 524 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…19 Our study also identified it as having a significantly enhanced expression in the leaves. Another protein, the GHSdependent dehydroascorbate reductase 1 (gi:6939839) also showed an increase in expression.…”

Section: Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 57%

2D-DIGE-based proteome expression changes in leaves of rice seedlings exposed to low-level gamma radiation at Iitate village, Fukushima

Hayashi

Moro

Rohila

et al. 2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The present study continues our previous research on investigating the biological effects of low-level gamma radiation in rice at the heavily contaminated Iitate village in Fukushima, by extending the experiments to unraveling the leaf proteome. 14-days-old plants of Japonica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) were subjected to gamma radiation level of upto 4 mSv/h, for 72 h. Following exposure, leaf samples were taken from the around 190 mSv/3 d exposed seedling and total proteins were extracted. The gamma irradiated leaf and control leaf (harvested at the start of the experiment) protein lysates were used in a 2-D differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) experiment using CyDye labeling in order to asses which spots were differentially represented, a novelty of the study. 2D-DIGE analysis revealed 91 spots with significantly different expression between samples (60 positive, 31 negative). MALDI-TOF and TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses revealed those as comprising of 59 different proteins (50 up-accumulated, 9 downaccumulated). The identified proteins were subdivided into 10 categories, according to their biological function, which indicated that the majority of the differentially expressed proteins consisted of the general (non-energy) metabolism and stress response categories. Proteome-wide data point to some effects of low-level gamma radiation exposure on the metabolism of rice leaves.

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Section: Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 57%

2D-DIGE-based proteome expression changes in leaves of rice seedlings exposed to low-level gamma radiation at Iitate village, Fukushima

Hayashi

Moro

Rohila

et al. 2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…In Arabidopsis, it has been shown that mutants deficient in phenylpropanoid compounds were considerably more susceptible to UV-B radiation than corresponding wild-type lines (Hectors et al, 2012). Furthermore, studies on parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cell cultures have shown that UV light is responsible for the induction of CHS expression by the de novo synthesis of the active enzyme (Dao et al, 2011). The herbivory or wounding induces metabolic changes that involve discerning the modulation of gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of CHS genes can be induced by various biotic and abiotic elicitations, including light/UV light, phytopathogens, mechanical wounding, and plant hormones (Dao et al, 2011). These modulate gene expression by interacting with the cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions.…”

Section: Isolation and In Silico Characterization Of Rechs Promoter Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9F). It is generally thought that volatile jasmonates released from wounded tissues activate CHS genes, causing an advanced production of phytoalexins to resist any infection to the plant (Dao et al, 2011). A corresponding increasing pattern of flavonoids was observed in which both the major flavonoid constituents showed continuous increases in their accumulation until 48 h of incubation.…”

Section: Effects Of Abiotic Elicitors On Rechs Expression Vis-à-vis Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

et al. 2016

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Plants effectively defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses by synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, including health-protective flavonoids. These display incredible chemical diversity and ubiquitous occurrence and confer impeccable biological and agricultural applications. Chalcone synthase (CHS), a type III plant polyketide synthase, is critical for flavonoid biosynthesis. It catalyzes acyl-coenzyme A thioesters to synthesize naringenin chalcone through a polyketidic intermediate. The functional divergence among the evolutionarily generated members of a gene family is pivotal in driving the chemical diversity. Against this backdrop, this study was aimed to functionally characterize members of the CHS gene family from Rheum emodi, an endangered and endemic high-altitude medicinal herb of northwestern Himalayas. Two full-length cDNAs (1,179 bp each), ReCHS1 and ReCHS2, encoding unique paralogs were isolated and characterized. Heterologous expression and purification in Escherichia coli, bottom-up proteomic characterization, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and enzyme kinetic studies using five different substrates confirmed their catalytic potential. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of higher synonymous mutations in the intronless divergents of ReCHS. ReCHS2 displayed significant enzymatic efficiency (V max /K m ) with different substrates. There were significant spatial and altitudinal variations in messenger RNA transcript levels of ReCHSs correlating positively with metabolite accumulation. Furthermore, the elicitations in the form of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ultraviolet B light, and wounding, chosen on the basis of identified cis-regulatory promoter elements, presented considerable differences in the transcript profiles of ReCHSs. Taken together, our results demonstrate differential propensities of CHS paralogs in terms of the accumulation of flavonoids and their relative substrate selectivities.Plants, as ground-anchored sessile creatures, invest significant amounts of energy in the production of secondary metabolites to combat environmental pressures. These metabolites often are produced through complex and highly regulated biosynthetic pathways under the influence of different enzymatic machineries. One of the important classes of secondary metabolites is phenylpropanoids. These represent a significant proportion of secondary metabolites, encompassing nearly 20% of total carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Flavonoids exhibit remarkable chemical diversity and ubiquitous occurrence and play an important role in many aspects of plant development, like flower coloration, photoprotection, pollen development, cell wall growth, and response to stress conditions like UV light protection, herbivory, wounding, interaction with soil microbes, and defense against pathogens (Yu and Jez, 2008;Pandey et al., 2015). Apart from performing numerous imperative roles in plants, flavonoids also have been reported as poten...

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“…Accumulation of phytoalexins, activation of pathogenesis-related proteins and modification of plant hormone balance are often observed (Bonasera et al 2006;Dugé de Bernonville et al 2012; Van der Zwet et al 2012). Following E. amylovora infection, in apple tree tissues, significant changes in secondary metabolite profiles, especially in the phenolic compounds pool are detected (Dao et al 2011). These compounds, which generally fall into two categories i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic profiles in apple leaves and the efficacy of selected phenols against fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)

et al. 2017

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The content and type of phenolic compounds in apple leaves as potential markers of resistance to fire blight were analysed. The amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined before and after E. amylovora inoculation of leaves of two cultivars: 'Enterprise' (highly resistant) and 'Idared' (highly susceptible). The basic levels of phenolics in both cultivars was similar but, following the inoculation, in the resistant one faster and more distinguishable changes were observed. The difference between the cultivars was related to the content of the compounds and the rate of release of free phenols from their glucosides. Regarding age dependency, the levels of eight out of 15 phenolics was significantly higher in young leaves of 'Idaredt han in 'Enterprise'. In the older leaves the differences were limited to four compounds. The amount of salicylic acid in 'Idared' was lower than in 'Enterprise'. In 'Idared' accumulation of salicylate after infection was better pronounced than in 'Enterprise'. Higher levels of naringenin glucosides, 4-hydroxbenzoic acid and gentisic acid were found in 'Enterprise'. The activity of 13 phenolics tested in vitro against the pathogen showed that gallic acid, phloroglucinol, hydroquinone and phloretin, suppressed its growth. The aqueous solutions of gallic acid, phloroglucinol and hydroquinone also significantly limited the development of disease on pear fruitlet slices but only hydroquinone maintained its protective activity for longer time. It also showed very high efficacy in preventing disease spread on apple shoots. The study adds novel information on the contribution of specific phenolics to apple resistance to fire blight.

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Chalcone synthase and its functions in plant resistance

Cited by 524 publications

References 157 publications

2D-DIGE-based proteome expression changes in leaves of rice seedlings exposed to low-level gamma radiation at Iitate village, Fukushima

2D-DIGE-based proteome expression changes in leaves of rice seedlings exposed to low-level gamma radiation at Iitate village, Fukushima

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

Phenolic profiles in apple leaves and the efficacy of selected phenols against fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)

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