Chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen-depolarized aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis

Ziegelbauer, Joseph M.; Gullá, Andrea F.; O’Laoire, Cormac; Urgeghe, Christian; Allen, Robert J.; Mukerjee, Sanjeev

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.048

Cited by 59 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although Rh did not exhibit noticeable oxidative behavior, two reduction peaks were seen (also seen in other acid media [22]), which decreased in amplitude with continued cycling. This behavior has been attributed to chloride adsorption [21]. No noted effect of chloride adsorption was observed at Ir ( fig.5c).…”

Section: B Electrode Behavior In Gut Model Fluids and Hcl Solutionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Continued cycling demonstrated a stabilizing of the peaks with an eventual decrease observed in current amplitude. This was due to chloride adsorption, which inhibited the surface electrochemical behavior [20][21]. Although Rh did not exhibit noticeable oxidative behavior, two reduction peaks were seen (also seen in other acid media [22]), which decreased in amplitude with continued cycling.…”

Section: B Electrode Behavior In Gut Model Fluids and Hcl Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

Twomey

Eulate

Marchesi

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Section: B Electrode Behavior In Gut Model Fluids and Hcl Solutionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: B Electrode Behavior In Gut Model Fluids and Hcl Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

Twomey

Eulate

Marchesi

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…Rhodium sulfide catalysts have shown promise in applications for hydro-desulfurization, [8][9] photochemical decomposition of aqueous sulfide 10 and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cells and electrolysis. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In the particular case of hydrochloric acid electrolysis, Pt, known as the most effective catalyst for non-chloride systems, has been shown to have poor stability in the highly corrosive conditions of hydrochloric acid and be constantly poisoned by chloride ions. In contrast, rhodium sulfides are relatively unaffected by chloride ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rh_xS_y/C Catalyst for the Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in HBr

Masud

Nguyen

Singh

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Rhodium sulfide (Rh 2 S 3 ) on carbon support was synthesized by refluxing rhodium chloride with ammonium thiosulfate. Thermal treatment of Rh 2 S 3 at high temperatures (600 • C to 850 • C) in presence of argon resulted in the transformation of Rh 2 S 3 into Rh 3 S 4 , Rh 17 S 15 and Rh which were characterized by TGA/DTA, XRD, EDX, and deconvolved XPS analyses. The catalyst particle size distribution ranged from 3 to 12 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode measurements were used to evaluate the catalytic activity for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions in H 2 SO 4 and HBr solutions. The thermally treated catalysts show high activity for the hydrogen reactions. The exchange current densities (i o ) of the synthesized Rh x S y catalysts in H 2 -saturated 1M H 2 SO 4 and 1M HBr for HER and HOR were 0.9 mA/cm 2 to 1.0 mA/cm 2 and 0.8 to 0.9 mA/cm 2 , respectively. The intermittent availability of renewable electricity from solar and wind sources has increased significantly.1 To match their often unpredictable power generation cycles with demand, low cost electrical energy storage systems are required.A flow battery/regenerative fuel cell is an electrochemical storage device that stores the electrical energy as chemical energy in a fuel and converts the chemical energy of the fuel directly back to electrical energy. The potentially low cost and relatively rapid process of electrical-to-chemical or chemical-to-electrical energy, in comparison to the slower mechanical-to-electrical energy processes used with flywheel and compressed air storage, offers unique advantages. The discharge cycle of the flow battery utilizes a fuel cell which has proven to be efficient and clean devices for energy conversion. Fuel cells are regarded by some as the energy conversion devices of the future and provide a faster, cleaner, more efficient, and possibly more flexible chemical-to-electrical energy conversion platform than present combustion based systems. [2][3][4] In comparison to other flow battery systems, the regenerative hydrogen-bromine fuel cell has advantages including high round-trip energy conversion efficiency, high power density and storage capacity, fast kinetics of both hydrogen and bromine electrode reactions, low cost active materials, simplicity and reliability. [5][6] The core component of a H 2 /Br 2 regenerative fuel cell system is an acid-based H 2 /Br 2 fuel cell. The charge and discharge reactions occurring in the fuel cell are as follows. At the bromine electrode, during the charge cycle, bromide ions in an HBr solution are oxidized to form bromine and two electrons; require a catalyst that is highly active, to keep the performance high and the cost low, stable and durable in the highly corrosive HBr/Br 2 environment of the cell as required by the extended life of this application. During the operation of a H 2 -Br 2 fuel cell, HBr and Br 2 could cross from the bromine side through the proton conducting membrane to the hydrogen side potentially leading to the corrosion and poisoning of th...

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“…Therefore, research into non-precious metals or even metal-free catalysts with high ORR activity and durability is absolutely crucial for the development of fuel cells. Currently, it is widely accepted that nitrogen-containing carbon including macrocycle molecules [6][7][8], polymers [4,9] and nanomaterials [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are a type of important building block for the preparation of Pt-substituted catalysts.Iron-or cobalt-doped carbon-nitrogen (CN x ) compounds have comparable activity to Pt/C catalysts in acidic systems [4,7,9,20]. Polypyrrole modified carbon-supported cobalt hydroxide can act as cathode and anode catalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells [21,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Zhang

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CN x )/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x  0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CN x /graphene products retain their high dispersion and loose-powder features. The as-prepared CN x /graphene composites have a total nitrogen content of about 10 at% and their nitrogen state is mainly of pyridinic and graphitic type. CN x /graphene composites exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning, suggesting their potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR. Low temperature fuel cells are a high-efficiency and environment-friendly energy supply for future transport and portable applications [1,2]. However, despite the great efforts worldwide over the past few decades their wide application in daily life is still a challenge because of the scare resources, high cost and durability issues for the current commercial Pt/C catalysts, especially for cathodes where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is kinetically slow [3][4][5]. Therefore, research into non-precious metals or even metal-free catalysts with high ORR activity and durability is absolutely crucial for the development of fuel cells. Currently, it is widely accepted that nitrogen-containing carbon including macrocycle molecules [6][7][8], polymers [4,9] and nanomaterials [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are a type of important building block for the preparation of Pt-substituted catalysts.Iron-or cobalt-doped carbon-nitrogen (CN x ) compounds have comparable activity to Pt/C catalysts in acidic systems [4,7,9,20]. Polypyrrole modified carbon-supported cobalt hydroxide can act as cathode and anode catalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells [21,22]. Recent promising results involving metal-free PEDOT [5] and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) [14][15][16][17][18][19] have been reported for alkaline systems giving excellent electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning. Particularly, NCNTs have attracted extensive interest because of their large surface area, good thermal and chemical stability as well as high electrical conductivity [14][15][16][17][18][19]. It has been revealed that increasing the nitrogen content and the number of defects in NCNT enhances its electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR [11,16]. In addition to one-dimensional CNTs, the emergence of graphene has opened up a new field in terms of research into two-dimensional (2D)

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Chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen-depolarized aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

A Rh_xS_y/C Catalyst for the Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in HBr

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

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Chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen-depolarized aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

Characterization of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gastrointestinal Fluids Using a Multielectrode Sensor Probe

A RhxSy/C Catalyst for the Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in HBr

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

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A Rh_xS_y/C Catalyst for the Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in HBr