Chain length compatibility effects in mixed surfactant systems for technological applications

Influence of Liquid Paraffin, White Soft Paraffin and Initial Hydration on Viscosity of Corticosteroid Cream

“…Dehmoune et al demonstrated that with decreasing length of the hydrocarbon chains in petrolatum derivatives, decreases the viscosity, which may affect the viscosity of the formulation [14]. Also Shiao et al in his experiments presented similar relationships [15]. In our experiments the increase in amount of white soft paraffin comparing to the liquid paraffin, enhanced an average particle size of the dispersed phase of the emulsion in semi-solid formulations.…”

Effect of Long Chain Alcohols on Micellar Relaxation Time and Foaming Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Solutions

“…To reduce the monomer concentration after the pressure drop, some monomers will enter micelles already present, which can be seen as the fast relaxation process, commonly referred to as 1 . A much slower relaxation process is the formation of new micelles (referred to as 2 ) and can be observed as an exponential drop in electrical conductivity.…”

“…The disruption in the molecular packing leads to lower interaction energies and, hence, lower film stability relative to systems in which the chain lengths are equal. The effect of chain length compatibility is particularly important to interfacial properties and technologies, such as surface tension, surface viscosity, foamability, lubrication, contact angle, bubble size, environmental remediation, enhanced oil recovery, water solubilization in microemulsions, and microemulsion stability (1)(2)(3).…”

Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

“…31,32 The mechanism of droplet formation has been partly attributed to the solubility and optimum curvature of the surfactants. 33 According to Shiao et al, 34 the mutual miscibility between the hydrophobic part of the surfactant and the oil will influence the degree of oil penetration into the amphiphilic film (the boundary between the organic phase and the aqueous phase) and will also affect spontaneous curvature. 31 The dependence of droplet size on the cosurfactants may be attributed to the differences between their abilities to alter the various aforementioned mechanisms, eg, surfactant solubility, density, and viscosity of aqueous solutions, and optimum curvature, interfacial rheology, thickness, interfacial tension, and flexibility.…”