Chain extension of virgin and recycled polyethylene terephthalate

Tavares, Albaniza Alves; Silva, Diêgo F.A.; Lima, Poliana S.; Andrade-Acuña, Daniela; Silva, Suédina Maria de Lima; Canedo, Eduardo L.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.11.020

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…An improvement in the stability during processing and, hence, in many other properties, may be achieved by blending PET with other polymers or copolymers , forming polymer blends. The addition of chemically active copolymers to PET is an effective way of modifying its properties and thus, obtaining desirable results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Nascimento

Agrawal

Mélo

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA) and ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EMAGMA) copolymers on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The results of torque rheometry showed an increase in the torque of PET with the addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers due to the reactions between the GMA groups present in the copolymers and the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present in PET. The torque of PET/copolymer blends increased with the increase in the copolymer content and was more pronounced for the blends containing EGMA copolymer. X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyzes showed that neat PET and the PET in PET/copolymer blends are amorphous. The addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers delayed the crystallization of PET. Rheological measurements showed an increase in the viscosity at low frequencies with the addition of EGMA and EMAGMA copolymers to PET. This increase was more pronounced for PET/copolymer blends containing higher amount of copolymers and for the blends containing EGMA, corroborating the results obtained by torque rheometry. The impact strength of PET/EMAGMA blends was higher than that of PET/EGMA blends. Morphology analysis by SEM showed that PET/EMAGMA blends presented higher average dispersed phase domains size than PET/EGMA blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:683–693, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Nascimento

Agrawal

Mélo

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The reactively extruded material can be used without physical modification in main applications as bottles and foam sheets. The process of reactive extrusion is most commonly carried out at a temperature of 270-280˚C [2,3].…”

Section: Reactive Extrusion Of Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the recycling processes, PET undergoes chemical, mechanical, and thermal degradation, which limits its use in many applications by lowering the molecular weight of the polymer and mechanical properties. Because of the low cost and low performance applications of the recycled material, at present, the widely accepted opinion is that the waste-PET mechanical recycling without a structural up gradation is not an efficient procedure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on obtaining foamed PET by reactive extrusion

Misiura

Majka

2018

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Many methods are used to obtain functional polymer foams. This review focuses on reactive extrusion of poly(ethylene terephthalate). This process is based on the reaction between PET and the appropriate blowing agent. The next step is the creation of foam by closing gas cells in the polymer matrix. This method of modification allows material with higher molecular weight to be obtained and, therefore, higher melt strength. The use of different chemical modifiers and their concentration influences properties of created foam. The enhanced features of foamed PET allow it to be used in many areas of application such as transport, construction or general industry. Another big advantage of this technique is the possibility of using recycled materials as the source of PET.

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“…Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most widely used engineering polymers because of its lightness, low‐cost and processing low energy requirements . However, the worldwide excessive production of PET‐based products, combined to the slow decomposition rate of PET in nature, lead to waste management issues, which have escalated to represent environmental problems that require urgent solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copolymers synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization as chain extenders of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste

Benvenuta‐Tapia

Vivaldo‐Lima

Guerrero‐Santos

2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this contribution, the use of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene copolymers synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) as chain extenders of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste (r‐PET) is described. Our observations revealed that the copolymers synthesized by NMP act as efficient chain extenders for the regeneration of PET waste. Epoxide groups in the copolymers react with PET end reactive groups producing chain extended PET with higher molecular weight and improving performance. The increase in molecular weight of PET waste results in important improvement in both, elongation‐at‐break, and strength impact. r‐PET complex viscosity and rheological moduli are also greatly improved as the epoxide content in the chain extenders increases. The loss tangent and phase angle versus angular frequency plots for chain‐extended r‐PET reveal that melt elasticity is also improved. These results confirm that use of NMP‐synthesized copolymers is a plausible solution for the recycling of PET. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2255–2264, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Chain extension of virgin and recycled polyethylene terephthalate

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Effect of copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate functional groups on the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

An overview on obtaining foamed PET by reactive extrusion

Effect of copolymers synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization as chain extenders of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste

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