“…Due to catalyst significance, much research has been done to develop an efficient catalyst and efficient catalytic processes. Commonly, homogenous catalysis 4 , 6 , 15 , 18 , 21 – 23 , 25 , 26 has been used; however, owing to their high costs 29 , the ability to recycle the catalyst is very important. As such, it is more efficient and productive to use the catalysts as part of a heterogeneous system, which enables them to be recycled.…”