Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: infected dogs as a risk factor for the domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Cecere, María C.; Rubel, Diana; Petersen, Rosario M.; Schweigmann, Nicolás; Lauricella, Marta A.; Bujas, Marcos A.; Segura, Elsa L.; Wisnivesky‐Colli, Cristina

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90440-a

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…21 Using vector feeding patterns and host infection rates incorporated in a logistic multiple regression model, we have reinforced previous evidence showing that bug infection rates were closely related to the prevalence of T. cruzi-infected dogs or cats diagnosed by serology or xenodiagnosis. 10,11 In the present study, for the first time the degree of contact between vectors and dogs or cats was identified as a significant predictor of triatomine infection rates.In the presence of strong effects of dogs or cats on the proportion of domiciliary Triatoma infestans infected with T. cruzi, the number or relative abundance of infected humans had no significant effect on bug infection rates. This is to be expected since the infectivity of dogs seropositive for T. cruzi to third or fourth instar nymphs was 12 times higher than that of seropositive children, and 100 times higher than that of seropositive adults.…”

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confidence: 50%

Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina.

Gürtler¹,

Cohen²,

Cecere³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In three rural villages of northwest Argentina, the overall proportion of domiciliary Triatoma infestans infected with Trypanosoma cruzi was 49% among 1,316 bugs individually examined for infection in March and October 1992). Most of the variation among individual households in the proportion of infected triatomines was explained by variations among houses in the proportion of bugs that fed on dogs or cats, the prevalence of infected dogs or cats, and the proportion of bugs that fed on humans, according to a logistic multiple regression analysis. The effects of human infection rates on bug infection rates were not statistically significant. After adjusting for the effects of other predictors, the presence of chickens in bedroom areas had negative and significant effects on the proportion of infected Triatoma infestans, and positive and significant effects on the number of T. cruzi-infected triatomines collected per person-hr per house. Dog or cat infection rates and the proportion of bugs that fed on dogs or cats and on chickens explained 80% of the total variance of infected-bug numbers in a linear multiple regression model. This is the first study to use detailed field data to show that variations in triatomine infection rates depend on bug host feeding patterns and dog or cat infection rates, while the presence of chickens in bedroom areas exerts opposite effects on the proportion and number of infected triatomines. Domestic animals play a crucial role in the domiciliary transmission of T. cruzi.Triatoma infestans Klug, probably the most important and widespread domiciliary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, 1 showed one of the highest rates of infection with T. cruzi (median ϭ 34%, range ϭ 12-68%) in extensive surveys carried out when insecticidal campaigns were nil or at an early stage in several countries. 2 For young men drafted into military service from all over Argentina, the Province of Santiago del Estero (northwest Argentina) had the highest prevalence rate of seropositivity for T. cruzi among all provincewide prevalence rates in the period 1964-1969 when the first screening took place, and the third highest prevalence rate in 1981. 3 In this province, the percentage of T. cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans collected from human sleeping quarters (hereafter domiciliary areas) was high (44%) and widely variable (range ϭ 21-82%) from district to district. 4 More recently, domiciliary vector infection rates were 31% more than 10 years after the first spraying of houses with insecticides in northwest Santiago del Estero. 5 Explaining such variable infection rates of domiciliary triatomines within a given community or province may increase our understanding of the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi.Vector feeding patterns link hosts, vectors, and the transmission of parasites in either direction between hosts and vectors. Dogs, chickens, and humans are the most important host blood sources of domiciliary Triatoma infestans throughout its range. 6 In northwest Argentina, the feeding pattern of domiciliar...

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Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina.

Gürtler¹,

Cohen²,

Cecere³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Common examples include plague from infected fleas [56]. Also, significantly higher infection rates of Chagas disease were evident in humans who slept with their pet dog [57]. Bartonella hensalae infection was confirmed by serologic testing of a 50-year-old man from Japan, who lived with a dog that often licked his face [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Beneficial Dog Bacteria Up-Regulate Oxytocin and Lower Risk of Obesity

Varian¹,

Levkovich²,

Poutahidis³

et al. 2017

J Prob Health

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AnimalsC57BL/6 wild type (wt), oxytocin-wt (oxt-wt) and oxytocin- AbstractCohabitation with pet dogs imparts diverse health benefits to humans including a slim physique. It is known that neuropeptide hormone oxytocin fundamental in human-canine social bonds regulates appetite and body weight. It was recently shown in mice that consuming Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 from human breast milk lowers body weight and up-regulates oxytocin levels in blood. Here we test the hypothesis that bacteria from dog saliva may similarly modulate recipient host body weight. We find that a Lactobacillus spp isolate from dog saliva led to lower body weight when fed to C57BL/6 wild type mice. Mice consuming the canineborne L. reuteri also had elevated oxytocin levels in blood plasma, and exhibited body weight in an oxytocin-dependent manner. Interestingly, killed (lysed) canine bacteria were sufficient to achieve the physiological effects. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that dog bacteria modulate oxytocin levels and body weight in recipient mice, and thus may help reduce risk of obesity in individuals cohabitating with pet dogs. knockout (oxt-ko) B6; 129S-Oxttm1Wsy/J mice (purchased initially from Jackson labs; Bar Harbor, ME) were used in three separate experiments (Figure 1). Mice were housed and handled in Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC)-accredited facilities using techniques and diets including Lactobacillus reuteri as specifically approved by Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Committee on Animal Care (CAC). Mice were housed under standard 12:12 light cycle conditions with lights on at 7 AM. Mice were fed a standard control chow Purina RMH3000. Beneficial Dog Bacteria Up-Regulate Oxytocin and Lower Risk of ObesityMice were bred in-house to achieve experimental groups. Each experiment included 5-15 animals per group with one or two replications (total N=10-30 mice examined per group) unless otherwise specified. For the initial studies, C57BL/6 wt mice received Lactobacillus reuteri 2546 isolated from dog saliva. To test putative roles for microbeinduced oxytocin in obesity, oxt-ko mice and their oxt-wt littermates entered experiments at eight weeks of age. At the conclusion of the study mice were euthanized with CO 2 overdose, and were examined as described below. Eight pet dogs served as saliva microbe donors as approved by the MIT-CAC. Saliva was collected from these dogs in the morning before feeding using sterile swabs [Puritan Sterile Polyester Tipped applicators Guilford, Me Ref: 25-806 1PD] in 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (Safeseal Microcentrifuge Tubes, Sorenson Bioscience Inc. Salt Lace City, UT Cat# 16070). Bacteria were purified from dog saliva as described in detail below. PCR of dog saliva for all Lactobacillus speciesSaliva was collected from eight pet dogs and prepared using High Pure PCR Template kit (Roche Diagnostics) was used without changes to the manufacturer's directions to isolate DNA from the canine saliva. DNA was measured using Nan...

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“…En trabajos previos, la presencia de perros y gallinas en el área domiciliaria han sido asociados con la seropositividad en humanos 33 . Los perros representan reservorios para la infección por T. cruzi, la presencia de perros infectados en el domicilio está fuertemente correlacionada con un mayor número de triatominos infectados y una mayor prevalencia de enfermedad de Chagas en niños 33,34 . Sin embargo, en este trabajo no hubo correlación entre las casas con individuos seropositivos y las casas con perros seropositivos, por lo tanto, el perro actualmente no se está comportando como un reservorio, sino que estaría marcando una costumbre de las familias seropositivas en relación con la preferencia o necesidad de convivir con estos animales.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi y factores asociados en un área endémica de Venezuela

et al. 2011

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Determinamos factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad para anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi en 26 poblaciones rurales, 905 viviendas, 2.156 individuos y 333 caninos en el Estado Lara, Venezuela. La seropositividad fue determinada mediante ELISA y MABA. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante encuestas entomológicas, demográficas y médicas. Los factores de riesgo fueron establecidos mediante regresión logística binaria. La seroprevalencia humana fue de 7,24% y la canina 6,9%. La seropositividad estuvo asociada positivamente al Rhodnius prolixus, la edad, madre con antecedentes de Chagas, consumo de chimó, presencia de mamíferos y aves en la vivienda, desorden en el domicilio, y anexos de bajareque, nidos y cuevas en el peridomicilio. Negativamente con hábitos de consumo de tabaco y alcohol, antecedentes de cáncer y a depósitos en el peridomicilio. En conclusión, la enfermedad de Chagas en el área rural estudiada es un fenómeno remoto transmitida por R. prolixus y vía transplacentaria, asociada a hábitos socioculturales relacionados con la pobreza, a entornos selváticos y antecedentes médicos del huésped.

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Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: infected dogs as a risk factor for the domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina.

Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina.

Beneficial Dog Bacteria Up-Regulate Oxytocin and Lower Risk of Obesity

Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi y factores asociados en un área endémica de Venezuela

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