Chaetoceros resting spores as indicators of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea

Witak, Małgorzata; Dunder, Julita; Leśniewska, Małgorzata

doi:10.2478/s13545-011-0037-0

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies on the diatom Skeletonema have shown that the morphology of the resting cells and germinated cells is indistinguishable (Itakura et al 1992), whereas the resting and germinated spores of Chaetoceros species can be distinguished based on morphology. Therefore, the ability to identify Chaetoceros species from the morphology of viable germinated recent and ancient resting spores of Chaetoceros will improve the scope of paleoecological studies (Witak et al 2011). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reviving thousands of years old (~7200-1000 cal yr BP) diatoms from dated sediments.…”

Section: Sanger Sequencing Of Dna From Unialgal Cultures Of Recent Rementioning

confidence: 95%

“…By reviving resting spores deposited in sediments and extracting DNA from them we have demonstrated that Chaetoceros muelleri resting spores provide a promising model system for understanding species adaption and evolution across geological timescales and address questions about the impact of human-induced perturbations on life on Earth. Furthermore, previous attempts to use resting spores for paleoenvironmental reconstructions by assigning them to species met with limited success as most of the resting spores are hard to classify (Ishii et al 2011;Witak et al 2011), severely hindering our understanding of paleoproductivity and the effect of environmental change on species. We revived several Chaetoceros species but we cultured only C. muelleri in this study.…”

Section: Sanger Sequencing Of Dna From Unialgal Cultures Of Recent Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there have been attempts to use the resting spores for paleoenvironmental reconstructions by assigning them to species, but most of the resting spores are hard to classify (34). This has severely limited our understanding of paleoproductivity and the effect of environmental change on species.…”

Section: Identification Of the Chaetoceros Muelleri Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Due to its dissolution-resistance and a high sedimentation rate (which would result in quick burial of the spores) in the Baltic basin, Chaetoceros resting spores are found throughout the sediment stratigraphy from when marine water entered the Baltic proper (named the Littorina Sea, ~7500 years ago) till date (Andrén et al 2000;Witak et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene DNA sequences – a dream come true

Sanyal

Larsson

Wirdhum

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Microscopic marine planktons have played a major role in the Earth's ecosystem and accounts for half the globe's primary production. Predicting the fate of marine planktons is imperative to understanding how ocean life will change in future centuries and how organisms have adapted to changes in the past over long timescales (over thousands of years). Studies of revived resting spores of marine diatoms will serve as excellent proxies of environmental change in marine environments. Thus far, only about a century old marine diatom resting spores could be revived. This severely limited the use of diatom resting spores to investigate the effects of environmental perturbations over longer time scales. Here, we, for the first time report revival of thousands of years old resting spores from the deposits of ancient diatoms (Chaetoceros) in sub-seafloor sediments using a revival protocol that involved recreating the ancient environmental conditions (salinity, temperature and light). Our revived diatom resting spores samples range from recent (0-80 years) to ~7200 years old. Importantly, we also extracted the DNA from the ancient resting spores of Chaetoceros species from the Baltic Sea. Our findings will enable us to compare DNA sequence data obtained from these natural archives of resurrected organisms and provide predictive models to forecast evolutionary responses of natural populations to environmental changes resulting from natural and anthropogenic stressors, including climate change Significance StatementOur results address the important topic of adaptive evolution in marine species due to climate and environmental change induced due to anthropogenic perturbations. We present a new model system Chaetoceros muelleri which will help us address important evolutionary and long-term adaptation questions across evolutionary timescales. Our study reports (1) the revival of recent (0-80 years) to ancient (7200 years old) resting spores of Chaetoceros (2) the extraction of DNA and amplification of chloroplast and ribosomal genes from recent and ancient (~1300 years old) resting spores of Chaetoceros (3) Radiocarbon dating to determine age of sediments (4) Identification of species by reviving the resting spores (5) Baltic sea an excellent ecosystem to study long-term effects of environment on species adaptation

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Section: Sanger Sequencing Of Dna From Unialgal Cultures Of Recent Rementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Sanger Sequencing Of Dna From Unialgal Cultures Of Recent Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of the Chaetoceros Muelleri Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Holocene DNA sequences – a dream come true

Sanyal

Larsson

Wirdhum

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was observed to be one of the most frequently occurring genus among centric diatoms (Nwankwo & Onyema 2003, Tabassum & Saifullah 2010. Records of Chaetoceros have also been well observed in sediments with special reference to their resting spores (Stockwell 1991, Witak et al 2011, Ferrario et al 1998, Moazzam & Baig 1994. Variation in physiological behavior and their responses to hydrological parameters have also been studied (Johansen et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characters of Chaetoceros lorenzianus (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from North Arabian Sea after Tasman Spirit oil spill

Tabassum¹,

Baig²,

Rehman³

2016

Trop. Plant Res.

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Abstract:The present study investigated the morphology and taxonomy of marine centric diatom Chaetoceros lorenzianus from Karachi Harbor, Pakistan for the first time for the first time during the incident of Tasman Spirit Oil Spill (2003) in the area. Phytoplankton samples were collected from 5 different locations from the study area. Chaetoceros lorenzianus was found only at one station collected after Tasman Spirit Oil Spill. Moreover morphometric measurements of present record showed narrow range as compared to the records investigated by other workers.

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Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia

Sanyal

Larsson

Wirdum

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Understanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia‐old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability, and germination rate of resting spores of the diatom Chaetoceros deposited in sub‐seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0 to 80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present. Methods Recent and ancient Chaetoceros spores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species. Results We show that ~6600 cal. year BP old Chaetoceros resting spores are still viable and that the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores varies. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2 to 3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores, respectively. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri. Conclusions We identify a unique model system, Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum and show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long‐term evolutionary studies.

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Chaetoceros resting spores as indicators of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Holocene DNA sequences – a dream come true

Holocene DNA sequences – a dream come true

Morphological characters of Chaetoceros lorenzianus (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from North Arabian Sea after Tasman Spirit oil spill

Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia

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