ChAdOx1 vaccination, blood coagulation, and inflammation: No effect on coagulation but increased interleukin‐6

Nagy, Magdolna; Cate, Hugo Ten; Spronk, Henri M.H.; Jacobs, L.; Kranendonk, Josephine; Leeuwen, Maaike van; Meijer, Daniëlle; Groh, Laszlo; Warlé, Michiel C.

doi:10.1002/rth2.12630

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Following that, several cases of thrombotic events accompanied by thrombocytopenia have been observed and linked to the administration of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine; Denmark, pursued by several European countries, was the first country to suspend the use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine [ 20 ]. Nevertheless, research data could not recognize platelet dysfunction in Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccinated population [ 21 , 22 ]. Therefore, the WHO and the European Medicines Agency declared that the trend of hypercoagulability could not be vindicated and recommended continued vaccination by the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a constantly evolving virus, resulting in an increased burden on the existing COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the first line of defense against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and have been prioritized among the risk categories receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This work aimed to investigate the maintenance of antibody response of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1/nCoV-19). Methods: Anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured at baseline point (immediately prior to vaccination) and 12- and 24-week (w) points following vaccination. Adverse reactions to the vaccine were reported. Participants were followed up for the incidence of COVID-19 during the 12 w interval between vaccination doses for 24 w after the second dose. Results: A total of 255 HCWs participated in the study. Prior to vaccination, 54.1% experienced COVID-19, 88.2% were seropositive after the first dose, while seropositivity reached 95.7% after the second dose. Following the first and second doses, the anti-spike IgG serum level was significantly higher in subjects with past COVID-19 than in others (p < 0.001 and =0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine is generally safe and provides a highly effective long-term humoral immune response against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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“…Azzarone et al hypothesized that in vaccine recipients suffering from local inflammatory reaction, an early event is represented by the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) ( 3 ) which favors endothelial cells reactivity and induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( 51 , 52 ), the main physiological inhibitor of the plasminogen activators in the bloodstream ( 53 ). A confirmation of the hypothesis came from an observational study demonstrating that 24-48h following Vaxzevria vaccination, the IL-6 levels were almost doubled ( 54 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thrombotic events with or without thrombocytopenia in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines

Cari

Alhosseini

Bergamo

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome, is one of the major emergencies that have affected health care systems. Drugs and oxygen are only partially effective in saving lives in patients with severe COVID-19, and the most important protection from death is vaccination. The widespread use of COVID-19 adenovirus-based vaccines has provided evidence for the occurrence of rare venous thrombotic events including cerebral venous thrombosis and splanchnic venous thrombosis in recipients of Vaxzevria and Jcovden vaccines and the review focus on them. One year ago, thromboses in Vaxzevria recipients have been associated with thrombocytopenia in the presence of antibodies to platelet factor 4 and have been called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The incidence of VITT is equal to 9-31 events per one million doses of vaccines as evaluated by health agencies worldwide and is higher in female and young vaccine recipients. More recently, by using the European EudraVigilance database, it has been demonstrated that the incidence of thrombosis in recipients of adenovirus-based vaccines is 5–10 fold higher than that of VITT and 7–12 fold higher than observed in the recipients of Comirnaty, an mRNA-based vaccine, suggesting that adenovirus-based vaccines cause not only VITT but also thrombosis without thrombocytopenia (non-VITT thrombosis). The incidence of the vaccine-dependent non-VITT thrombosis is different in the adenovirus-based vaccines and the VITT/non-VITT incidence ratio depends on the severity of thrombosis and is inversely related to the age of the recipients. The possible causes and clinical implications of non-VITT thrombosis in vaccine recipients are discussed.

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“…An important sidenote is that the COVID-19 booster vaccination campaign was initiated during the course of this study. Vaccination against COVID-19 has been shown to increase IL-6 levels with an early small peak 1 day after vaccination [ 29 , 30 ]. Recent research demonstrates that a vaccination-induced IL-6 level increase is no longer present at 4 weeks after vaccination [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, the COVID-19 vaccination may have resulted in higher levels of IL-6 at 18 months versus 3 months post-COVID-19 in some participants. No changes in IL-18 levels have been observed after COVID-19 vaccination [ 29 ]. Another important issue is that ageing is associated with a chronic progressive increase in the proinflammatory status, called inflammaging [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Function, Systemic Inflammation, and Coagulation Activation 18 Months after COVID-19 Infection: An Observational Cohort Study

Jacobs

Groh

Cate

et al. 2023

JCM

Self Cite

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Introduction: Among its effect on virtually all other organs, COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system, potentially jeopardizing the cardiovascular health of millions. Previous research has shown no indication of macrovascular dysfunction as reflected by carotid artery reactivity, but has shown sustained microvascular dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and coagulation activation at 3 months after acute COVID-19. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on vascular function remain unknown. Materials and Methods: This cohort study involved 167 patients who participated in the COVAS trial. At 3 months and 18 months after acute COVID-19, macrovascular dysfunction was evaluated by measuring the carotid artery diameter in response to cold pressor testing. Additionally, plasma endothelin-1, von Willebrand factor, Interleukin(IL)-1ra, IL-6, IL-18, and coagulation factor complexes were measured using ELISA techniques. Results: The prevalence of macrovascular dysfunction did not differ between 3 months (14.5%) and 18 months (11.7%) after COVID-19 infection (p = 0.585). However, there was a significant decrease in absolute carotid artery diameter change, 3.5% ± 4.7 vs. 2.7% ± 2.5, p—0.001, respectively. Additionally, levels of vWF:Ag were persistently high in 80% of COVID-19 survivors, reflecting endothelial cell damage and possibly attenuated endothelial function. Furthermore, while levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1RA and IL-18 were normalized and evidence of contact pathway activation was no longer present, the concentrations of IL-6 and thrombin:antithrombin complexes were further increased at 18 months versus 3 months (2.5 pg/mL ± 2.6 vs. 4.0 pg/mL ± 4.6, p = 0.006 and 4.9 μg/L ± 4.4 vs. 18.2 μg/L ± 11.4, p < 0.001, respectively). Discussion: This study shows that 18 months after COVID-19 infection, the incidence of macrovascular dysfunction as defined by a constrictive response during carotid artery reactivity testing is not increased. Nonetheless, plasma biomarkers indicate sustained endothelial cell activation (vWF), systemic inflammation (IL-6), and extrinsic/common pathway coagulation activation (FVII:AT, TAT) 18 months after COVID-19 infection.

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ChAdOx1 vaccination, blood coagulation, and inflammation: No effect on coagulation but increased interleukin‐6

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

Thrombotic events with or without thrombocytopenia in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines

Vascular Function, Systemic Inflammation, and Coagulation Activation 18 Months after COVID-19 Infection: An Observational Cohort Study

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