CFRP Reclamation and Remanufacturing Based on a Closed-loop Recycling Process for Carbon Fibers Using Supercritical N-butanol

Liu, Weihao; Huang, Haihong; Cheng, Huanbo; Liu, Zhifeng

doi:10.1007/s12221-020-9575-7

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Table shows the contents of elements and functional groups in the CFs. In comparison with VCFs, the content of N atoms in RCFs increased, which was due to the incomplete removal of sizing agents according to a study by Liu et al This can also be seen in the FT-IR spectra in Figure c, where the intensity of the CN peak of RCFs is stronger than that of VCFs. The differences between the functional groups on VCFs and RCFs were further studied by fitting C 1s spectra, and the percentages of functional groups are shown in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Pyrolysis Products of Carbon Fibers Recycled by Microwave Pyrolysis

Ren

Shang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Disposal of the waste from carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) has become an urgent problem due to the increasing application of CFRPs in many industries. A novel method for the rapid recovery of carbon fibers by a microwave pyrolysis and oxidation process was proposed in this study. The resin matrix was rapidly pyrolyzed by heating CFRPs directly with microwave radiation, and then the residual carbon and organic matter on the surface of carbon fibers were removed by oxidation to obtain recycled carbon fibers (RCFs). The recovery rate of recycled carbon fibers was measured, and their mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength and tensile modulus tests. The results showed that, after microwave pyrolysis at 500 °C for 15 min and oxidation at 550 °C for 30 min, the maximum tensile strength of RCFs was 3042.90 MPa (about 99.42% of that of virgin carbon fibers), the tensile modulus was 239.39 GPa, and the recovery rate was about 96.5%. The microstructure and chemical composition of RCFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the components of the pyrolysis byproducts were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. These results indicate that this method is suitable for the effective recovery of high-quality carbon fibers from CFRPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Pyrolysis Products of Carbon Fibers Recycled by Microwave Pyrolysis

Ren

Shang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…Unfortunately, these fibres suffer from a reduction in bonding to the new polymer matrix. 30 Finally, some new approaches have been identified in recent years. For instance, electrochemical and sonochemical recycling have been investigated for the recycling of CFRPs.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling technologies for fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials: A bibliometric analysis using a systematic approach

Colombo

Gaiardelli

Dotti

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials are increasingly employed in several industries. This extensive use has resulted in a huge increase of generated waste that has to be managed without causing significant environmental issues. Recycling fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials in accordance with circular economy principles might be a way to overcome such problems. Thus, this paper aims to empirically analyse the existing scientific literature regarding recycling technologies for fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials. The main goal is to provide a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the topic, as well as research gaps and future directions following a rigorous and transparent approach. Overall, 201 articles were selected through a systematic approach and then analysed using a bibliometric analysis. Results show that this topic has been increasingly gaining momentum in recent years and that researchers have mostly carried out experimental studies on chemical and thermal recycling technologies for recovering carbon fibres. Lastly, this article provides an in-depth research agenda based on identified research gaps and an enhanced managerial grasp of this field of research.

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“…Chemical recycling methods include supercritical fluid, atmospheric solvolysis, and electrochemical reactions . Composite waste has been decomposed in supercritical water − and supercritical alcohols, including methanol, ethanol, n -butanol, acetone, 1-propanol, and isopropanol . The main advantages of this method include rapid decomposition and obtaining clean CFs without significant deterioration of tensile properties; however, this process utilizes harsh reaction conditions (high temperatures and high pressures), leading to high requirements for recycling equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Mild Method for the Recycling of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Bismaleimide Resin Composite Waste

Zhao

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Recycling of high-performance carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite waste has been significantly challenging due to its insoluble and infusible thermosetting matrix. In this study, a simple and efficient strategy for the closed-loop recycling of a commercial bismaleimide (BMI)-based composite was described. The mild conditions utilized for the decomposition of CFRP composites circumvented the severe conditions required for the recycling of traditional composites. The BMI resin polymer was successfully degraded and removed from the composite within 5 h at a reaction temperature of 160 °C and ambient pressure, which was achieved using only monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent without any catalyst. During the reaction, the C–N and C–C bonds in the cross-linked structure were broken, and the polymer was completely transformed to oligomers containing amine and hydroxyl groups. Then, the clean carbon fibers (CFs) were recycled with a strength retention of ∼94% and a modulus retention of ∼97%. The solvent used during recycling was recovered with a recovery efficiency of ∼85%. In addition, the degraded BMI resin was facilely reclaimed from the degraded liquid products by distillation. The degraded BMI resin was reused to fabricate a new resin material with good mechanical properties. In this study, a novel recycling paradigm for a waste BMI-based composite is provided, which is conducive to minimizing environmental contaminations and alleviating the consumption of highly valuable CF resources.

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CFRP Reclamation and Remanufacturing Based on a Closed-loop Recycling Process for Carbon Fibers Using Supercritical N-butanol

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Pyrolysis Products of Carbon Fibers Recycled by Microwave Pyrolysis

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Pyrolysis Products of Carbon Fibers Recycled by Microwave Pyrolysis

Recycling technologies for fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials: A bibliometric analysis using a systematic approach

Simple and Mild Method for the Recycling of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Bismaleimide Resin Composite Waste

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