“…The EPED model [6][7][8] was developed with an additional constraint, which is the kinetic-ballooning mode (KBM) [9], then the pedestal height and width can be completely determined by the two constraints of PBM and KBM. This predictive model has been widely validated in several tokamak devices [6,10,11], and has also been applied to predict the pedestal structure of future tokamaks (such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR)) [7,[12][13][14]. Nevertheless, detailed studies between type I ELMs have shown the quasi-coherent fluctuations limited the pedestal growth on Alcator C-Mod [15], and it appears to be consistent with a soft limit of the edge pedestal set by the KBM.…”