CFDAMA-IS: MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

With the development of the economy and technology, people’s requirement for communication is also increasing. Satellite communication networks have been paid more and more attention because of their broadband service capability and wide coverage. In this paper, we investigate the scheme of convolutional long short term memory (CLSTM) network and transfer learning (TL) based combined free/demand assignment multiple access (CFDAMA) scheme (CFDAMA-CLSTMTL), which is a new multiple access scheme in the satellite communication networks. Generally, there is a delay time T between sending a request from the user to the satellite and receiving a reply from the satellite. So far, the traditional multiple access schemes have not processed the data generated in this period. So, in order to transmit the data in time, we propose a new prediction method CLSTMTL, which can be used to predict the data generated in this period. We introduce the prediction method into the CFDAMA scheme so that it can reduce data accumulation by the way of sending the slots request which is the sum of slots requested by the user and the predicted slots generated in the delay time. A comparison with CFDAMA-PA and CFDAMA-PB is provided through simulation results, which gives the effect of the CFDAMA-CLSTMTL in a satellite communication network.

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“…Many improved CFDAMA schemes have been proposed in these years [ 17 ]. There are two typical modified CFDAMA strategies given below.…”

Section: Research On the Cfdama Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

A CLSTM and transfer learning based CFDAMA strategy in satellite communication networks

Xiang

Ren

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Both frames are made up of two segments: a data slot segment plus a segment of request slots in the case of the return frame. end while 13: end for Whereas, in the case of the forward frame, they are a segment of acknowledgement slots plus an optional data slot segment (if required [14]). Data slots are allocated to nodes either as free assigned slots (F) or demand assigned slots (D).…”

Section: B Cfdama Frame Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of different request strategies has not been examined. Following that, we introduced a new CFDAMA scheme in [14], called CFDAMA with Intermediate Scheduler, to significantly reduce the average round-trip time required for making capacity requests and receiving subsequent acknowledgements. This enhances the overall delay/utilization performance of CFDAMA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFDAMA-SRR: A MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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Underwater acoustic sensor networks are an enabling technology for many applications. Long propagation delays and limited bandwidth of the acoustic channel place constraints on the trade-off between achievable end-to-end delay, channel utilization, and fairness. This paper provides new insights into the use of the combined free/demand assignment multiple access (CFDAMA) schemes. The CFDAMA can be classified as adaptive TDMA, where capacity is usually assigned on demand. The CFDAMA with round robin requests (CFDAMA-RRs) are shown to minimize end-to-end delay and maximize channel utilization underwater. It sustains fairness between nodes with minimum overhead and adapts to changes in the underwater channel and time-varying traffic requirements. However, its performance is heavily dependent on the network size. The major contribution of this paper is a new scheme employing the round robin request strategy in a systematic manner (CFDAMA-SRR). Comprehensive event-driven Riverbed simulations of a network deployed on the sea bed show that the CFDAMA-SRR outperforms its underlying scheme, CFDAMA-RR, especially when sensor nodes are widely spread. Considering node locations, the novel scheme has a bias against long delay demand assigned slots to enhance the performance of the CFDAMA-RR. The illustrative examples show good agreement between the analytical and simulation results. INDEX TERMS CFDAMA, medium access control, TDMA, underwater acoustic sensor networks.

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“…[4] is a study limited to a conventional CFDAMA variant based on a random access request strategy. Following that, [6] introduces a new scheme based on CFDAMA, called CFDAMA with Intermediate Scheduler, which enhances the overall delay/utilisation performance by minimising the average round-trip time between sensor nodes and the CFDAMA central scheduler. Following that, [5] introduces a CF-DAMA scheme, namely CFDAMA with Systematic Round Robin requests (CFDAMA-SRR).…”

Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed discussion on CFDAMA can be found in [4][5] [6]. With respect to Figure 1, the gateway node, acting as a usual CFDAMA coordinator, needs to be able to estimate the propagation delay to every sensor node and piggyback timing instructions in the acknowledgement packet transmitted during the CFDAMA forward frame [5].…”

Section: The Cfdama-noclock Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive TDMA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Gorma

Mitchell

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference on Underwater Networks &Amp; Systems

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Acoustic propagation through water suers from attenuation that increases with both signal frequency and transmission range, with time-varying long propagation delays. The power spectral density of underwater ambient noise also changes with frequency. As a result, the usable channel bandwidth is heavily constrained and Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol design for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) is challenging. Striking a balance between channel utilisation and network end-to-end delay is particularly dicult. The Combined Free/Demand Assignment Multiple Access (CFDAMA) protocol has been shown to eectively minimise end-to-end delay and maximise channel utilisation, but existing approaches are reliant on synchronisation which is hard to achieve underwater. This paper introduces a novel robust MAC protocol, based on CFDAMA, exclusively designed for UASNs and called CFDAMA-NoClock. It is capable of providing an adaptive MAC solution without the need for synchronisation amongst independent node clocks. The protocol demonstrates a high level of practicality and simplicity. Both analytical models and comprehensive event-driven simulation of several underwater scenarios show that CFDAMA-NoClock can oer excellent delay/utilisation performance under two distinct trac types and with various network parameters selected based on practical UASN technologies.

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CFDAMA-IS: MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

A CLSTM and transfer learning based CFDAMA strategy in satellite communication networks

A CLSTM and transfer learning based CFDAMA strategy in satellite communication networks

CFDAMA-SRR: A MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

An Adaptive TDMA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

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