CFD simulation and experimental validation of fluid flow and particle transport in a model of alveolated airways

Ma, Baoshun; Ruwet, Vincent; Corieri, Patricia; Theunissen, Raf; Riethmuller, M. L.; Darquenne, Chantal

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.01.002

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In this context, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are emerging as a tool for evaluating the aerodynamics inside the respiratory system, Tena and Casan (2015). Experimental results (Ma et al 2009;Mylavarapu et al 2009) showed that airflow in airways can be simulated by CFD techniques with reasonable accuracy. Usually, these studies assume isothermal and incompressible flow under stationary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Concheiro³

et al. 2017

JAFM

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Knowledge of respiratory flow behaviour is important in many respiratory medical fields. The usefulness of numerical models in providing a better understanding of flow phenomena has made the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) an indispensable research tool due to the difficulty of measuring in vivo data. In this research, the extrathoracic airways and the upper tracheobronchial region, trachea and main bronchus bifurcation were modelled. Oral and nasal breathing routes have been considered under steady and cyclic unsteady conditions. A realistic far boundary condition was imposed as the flow inlet. Different ventilation levels and frequencies were simulated. The model presented has been validated successfully by two parts: nasal and oral models. The airflow distributions through oral and nasal routes were determined, analysed and compared under different breathing conditions. The flow behaviour and respiratory effort during inhalation and exhalation phases change from rest to high activity; the flow can increase 40% with the same respiratory effort, opening the mouth during the inspiration. Significant differences in turbulent intensity contours in steady and unsteady cases have been observed. This study demonstrated the relevance of considering different breathing patterns and more realistic unsteady conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Concheiro³

et al. 2017

JAFM

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“…Annapragada and Mischchiy (3) supported this approach because they believed that it can largely decrease the required computational power and an accurate and total human lung aerosol deposition model can be constructed by putting together a CFD for proximal airways and an analytical or semiempirical computational model for deep lung. In a study, Ma et al (101) constructed a human airway model extending from the mouth up to generation 10 of the tracheobronchial tree based on the anatomical and geometrical information obtained by medical imaging on healthy human subjects. The observations demonstrated that the computed extrathoracic deposition, the ratio of fraction of aerosol deposited in left to right lung, and the deposition efficiency at the level of each generation correlated with available in vivo and in vitro data and that micrometersize aerosol particles were largely deposited in large-medium airways.…”

Section: In Silico Lung Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and bioengineered lungs as alternatives to whole animal, isolated organ, and cell-based lung models

Patel

Gauvin

Absar

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Development of lung models for testing a drug substance or delivery system has been an intensive area of research. However, a model that mimics physiological and anatomical features of human lungs is yet to be established. Although in vitro lung models, developed and fine-tuned over the past few decades, were instrumental for the development of many commercially available drugs, they are suboptimal in reproducing the physiological microenvironment and complex anatomy of human lungs. Similarly, intersubject variability and high costs have been major limitations of using animals in the development and discovery of drugs used in the treatment of respiratory disorders. To address the complexity and limitations associated with in vivo and in vitro models, attempts have been made to develop in silico and tissue-engineered lung models that allow incorporation of various mechanical and biological factors that are otherwise difficult to reproduce in conventional cell or organ-based systems. The in silico models utilize the information obtained from in vitro and in vivo models and apply computational algorithms to incorporate multiple physiological parameters that can affect drug deposition, distribution, and disposition upon administration via the lungs. Bioengineered lungs, on the other hand, exhibit significant promise due to recent advances in stem or progenitor cell technologies. However, bioengineered approaches have met with limited success in terms of development of various components of the human respiratory system. In this review, we summarize the approaches used and advancements made toward the development of in silico and tissue-engineered lung models and discuss potential challenges associated with the development and efficacy of these models. bioengineered lung; computational modeling; in silico; lung models; tissue engineering LUNG DISEASES ARE THE THIRD leading cause of deaths in the United States that translate into one in six deaths. More than 400,000 Americans die of lung disease every year and around 35 million are now living with chronic lung problems (1). Therefore, there is an important need to understand as to how a new drug entity or a novel formulation may influence the anatomy, physiology, and pathogenesis of lungs and vice versa.The human lung has an approximate volume of six liters, contains about 300 million alveoli, and provides a total surface area of 100 square meters as blood-air interface, which is packed into an elastic dynamic structure responsible for gas exchange (159). The human airway wall is a connective tissue that includes smooth muscle cells (SMC), mucus glands, blood vessels, and fibroblasts surrounded by a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). Epithelial cells, responsible for the efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer, are at the interface between air and the connective tissue and are attached to an underlying basement membrane. The respiratory system is the site of a variety of pulmonary diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, a...

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“…Thus, the NCRP model includes considerably more detail of the lung geometry than the ICRP model. Besides the ICRP and NCRP models, there are other models such as trumpet models (Yu 1978), deterministic models such as multiple pathway particle dosimetry (MPPD) (Asgharian et al 2001), stochastic models (Koblinger and Hofmann 1985), or models that implement computational fluid and particle dynamics (Zhang et al 2008;Ma et al 2009). A review of these models can be found elsewhere (Rostami 2009;Hofmann 2011;Hussain et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of ICRP's Lung Deposition Model for Pathogenic Bioaerosols

Guha

Hariharan

Myers

2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Terrorist attacks using pathogenic bioaerosols pose a significant public-health threat. Modeling the risk associated with such attacks is valuable from the standpoint of disaster preparedness. To attain greater flexibility in bioterrorism risk modeling, we have developed an open-source lung deposition code based on the International Committee for Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 66 (ICRP 1994). This article describes modifications to ICRP's lung deposition model to fit the bioaerosol context and discusses the impact of exposure from a few monodisperse pathogenic toxins such as botulinum toxin, influenza virus, and Bacillus anthracis to infants and adults. As most existing commercial lung deposition codes are not opensource, this code provides users a platform template that can be modified to meet their needs.

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CFD simulation and experimental validation of fluid flow and particle transport in a model of alveolated airways

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

Computational and bioengineered lungs as alternatives to whole animal, isolated organ, and cell-based lung models

Enhancement of ICRP's Lung Deposition Model for Pathogenic Bioaerosols

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