CFD prediction of concentration polarization phenomena in spacer-filled channels for reverse electrodialysis

Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up

“…Such trend is related to the reduction in the residence time, leading to a larger average salinity gradient between compartments, and the improvement of mixing phenomena inside compartments, although these latter play a minor role when seawater and brine are used [34]. For such highly saline solutions, the minor contribution of polarization phenomena and the resistance of the boundary layer have been also observed by EIS measurements [32].…”

CFD prediction of scalar transport in thin channels for reverse electrodialysis

“…It is one of the latest development of a long suite of finite volume CFD codes which have successfully been applied through the years by the authors' research group to a variety of fluid dynamics problems [39,40], including mixing in spacer-filled channels [29,32].…”

“…As a consequence, the simulation of an entire experimental channel 15.4 cm long and wide would require an excessive number of computational cells and prohibitive simulation times. In order to sort this issue out, it is very common in the literature to adopt the Unit Cell approach [26,31,32,48,49]. Apart from the regions next to the inlet, the outlet or the lateral boundaries of the channel, the flow field is periodic so that only a very small domain (Unit Cell, containing one or more spacer meshes) is simulated as representative of the whole channel.…”

“…On the other hand, only few studies have been devoted to the CFD prediction of the flow in channels to be devoted to RED applications [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Such channels are so thin, compared to those for RO and MD, that the Reynolds number is much lower and thus different flow fields are typically obtained.…”

Study on the Flow Characteristics and Erosion Phenomenon of Frac Sleeve by Using a CFD Approach

“…Without such microscopic information, downhole fracturing is largely operated as a black-box operation. In order to study the erosion problem, a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach which is mainly used in initial studies in connection with Lagrangian particle tracking model is introduced to simulate the movement characteristics of fracturing fluid and sand particles [6][7][8][9]. The majority of the previous studies were devoted to material characteristics, while little attention had been paid to the characteristics of fracturing fluid and sand particles.…”