CFD Modeling of Gas-Fuel Interaction and Mixture Formation in a Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine Coupled With the ECN Spray G Injector

Pati, Andrea; Paredi, Davide; Lucchini, Tommaso; Hasse, Christian

doi:10.4271/2020-01-0327

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The entire setup was validated in a previous work in a motored condition with and without the spray. 20 To initialize the in-cylinder conditions before the injection, a cycle was simulated from the beginning of the exhaust phase until the start of the injection. The electric start of injection was imposed equal to 270 ° before TDC with a hydraulic delay equal to 307 μ s , in accordance with experimental measurements.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach has been used and validated in previous works. 20,50,53,54 The computational domain consists of a structured hexa-dominant grid, oriented along the cylinder, with a maximum cell size of 2 mm, an example of which is shown in Figure 6(b). The castellated algorithm incorporated in the snappyHexMesh software was employed to generate the grids.…”

Section: Engine Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 On the other hand, the tumble motion can be energized in the case of early injection by the momentum induced by the spray if the injector arrangement is favorable. 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 On the other hand, the tumble motion can be energized in the case of early injection by the momentum induced by the spray if the injector arrangement is favorable. 20 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) constitutes a powerful diagnostic tool to study the spray evolution in a DISI engine environment. Lagrangian-Eulerian approaches are suitable for investigating spray evolution when coupled with a breakup model such as the Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor (KHRT) model, if the parameter are adjusted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical and experimental investigations of the early injection process of Spray G in a constant volume chamber and an optically accessible DISI engine

Pati

Paredi

Welch

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this work, the Engine Combustion Network Spray G injector was mounted in the Darmstadt optical-accessible engine to study phenomena typical of multi-hole, early direct-injection events in spark-ignition engines characterized by tumble flow charge motion. Dedicated experimental measurements of both in-cylinder spray morphology and flow velocities before and after the injection process were carried out to assess the adopted numerical setup under real engine conditions. A dynamic secondary breakup model from the literature was coupled with an atomization multi-motion regime model. The model was validated against state-of-the-art ECN Spray G experiments for a constant-volume chamber under low evaporating condition. Then, the simulation of the spray injection in the engine was carried out and the achieved results were compared against the experimental data. Overall, good agreement between experiments and simulations was observed for the spray morphology and velocity fields in both cases. With reference to engine calculations the intake flow was seen to induce spray asymmetry. A partial vortex generated during the intake phase on the tumble plane interacts with the spray, developing into a full vortex which induces an upward flow that stabilizes the spray. The upward flows below the intake valve increase the dilution of the plume outside the tumble plane, which therefore exhibits reduced penetration. Moreover, the intake valves protect from the energetic intake flow the recirculation vortex generated at the tip of the plumes that lie outside the tumble plane. The intake flow helps fuse the vapor fuel clouds of the individual plumes near the injector tip, obtaining a vapor fuel with a shape like that generated by a horseshoe multi-hole injector. Finally, a phenomenological model of the interaction between the multi-hole injector jets and the engine intake flow was introduced to describe the spray evolution in a typical DISI engine.

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Section: Numerical Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engine Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 On the other hand, the tumble motion can be energized in the case of early injection by the momentum induced by the spray if the injector arrangement is favorable. 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical and experimental investigations of the early injection process of Spray G in a constant volume chamber and an optically accessible DISI engine

Pati

Paredi

Welch

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…With the availability of experimental data sets from different research institutions, numerical models have been developed to simulate Spray G, first in the CVC environment, 25,26 then in the motored engine environment, 27 using open source code based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). While these studies show promising progress in the field of high fidelity spray modeling, more experimental data are required to help identify the complex relationships involved in DISI engine operation and to equip researchers with accurate validation data in these environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of in-cylinder flows and bulk gas density on early Spray G injection in an optical research engine

Welch

Schmidt

Geschwindner

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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A well-characterized multi-hole gasoline injector, the Engine Combustion Network’s (ECN) Spray G injector, was investigated in an optically accessible research engine under four motored operating conditions with early injection. The experiments were conducted at intake pressures of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], nearly matching the ECN’s standard early injection operating conditions, Spray G2 (flash boiling) and Spray G3 (early injection), respectively. This was combined with two engine speeds at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Using particle image velocimetry and volumetric Mie scatter imaging, the in-cylinder flows were evaluated and the effects on the spray morphology were characterized. The in-cylinder flow was evaluated to understand the spray-flow interaction, including the turbulent kinetic energy. Little effect on turbulent energy was observed in the region examined near the exit of the fuel injector nozzle shortly after injection. Mie scatter imaging was used to characterize the spray morphology and wall wetting was clearly visible on the spark plug. Cyclic variability of the sprays was found to be insignificant; and major differences in spray morphology are attributed to the in-cylinder velocity and intake pressure at the time of injection. Decreasing the bulk gas density by decreasing the intake pressure had a number of effects on the evolution of the spray including faster evaporation, increased axial liquid penetration, and decreased spray angle. Increasing the in-cylinder flow magnitudes by increasing the engine speed had a similar effect on spray morphology by also increasing the evaporation rate, increasing the axial penetration, and decreasing the spray opening angle. Comparison of the motored spray cases with a no-flow case (when the fuel is sprayed into the engine without the piston present) further illustrated the extent to which the intake flow influenced the spray shape.

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A comprehensive numerical investigation on spray models for Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition engines

Bestel,

Kim,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Fuel

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CFD Modeling of Gas-Fuel Interaction and Mixture Formation in a Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine Coupled With the ECN Spray G Injector

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Numerical and experimental investigations of the early injection process of Spray G in a constant volume chamber and an optically accessible DISI engine

Numerical and experimental investigations of the early injection process of Spray G in a constant volume chamber and an optically accessible DISI engine

The influence of in-cylinder flows and bulk gas density on early Spray G injection in an optical research engine

A comprehensive numerical investigation on spray models for Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition engines

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