CFD Investigation of Dispersion of Airborne Particulate Contaminants in a Raised Floor Data Center

Saini, Satyam; Shahi, Pardeep; Bansode, Pratik; Siddarth, Ashwin; Agonafer, Dereje

doi:10.23919/semi-therm50369.2020.9142865

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In recent research done by the authors [158], particle transport was studied using CFD for a simplified model of a raised floor data center. A commercially available CFD code ANSYS FLUENT was used to simulate particle transport using a Lagrangian approach.…”

Section: Computational Studies On Particulate Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants on Information Technology Equipment Reliability—A Review

Saini

Shah

Shahi

et al. 2021

Journal of Electronic Packaging

Self Cite

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Over the last decade, several hyper-scale data center companies such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft have demonstrated the cost-saving capabilities of airside economization with direct/indirect heat exchangers by moving to chiller-less air-cooled data centers. Under pressure from data center owners, IT equipment OEMs like Dell and IBM are developing IT equipment that can withstand peak excursion temperature ratings of up to 45°C, clearly outside the recommended envelope, and into ASHRAE's A4 allowable envelope. As popular and widespread as these cooling technologies are becoming, airside economization comes with its challenges. There is a risk of pre-mature hardware failures or reliability degradation posed by uncontrolled fine particulate and gaseous contaminants in presence of temperature and humidity transients. This paper presents an in-depth review of the particulate and gaseous contamination-related challenges faced by the modern-day data center facilities that use airside economization. This review summarizes specific experimental and computational studies to characterize the airborne contaminants and associated failure modes and mechanisms. In addition, standard lab-based and in-situ test methods for measuring the corrosive effects of the particles and the corrosive gases, as the means of testing the robustness of the equipment against these contaminants, under different temperature and relative humidity conditions are also reviewed. It also outlines the cost-sensitive mitigation techniques like improved filtration strategies and methods that can be utilized for efficient implementation of airside economization.

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Section: Computational Studies On Particulate Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants on Information Technology Equipment Reliability—A Review

Saini

Shah

Shahi

et al. 2021

Journal of Electronic Packaging

Self Cite

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“…6SigmaRoom is used in representative data center projects and demonstrates reliable CFD results. There are several other global data center references such as Samsung, Facebook, and IBM [19,[25][26][27][28][29]. Lastly, an accurate and fair comparison of HAC with raised floor versus that with hard floor requires similar setups.…”

Section: Analytic Validity Of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Simu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative CFD Study of Two Air Distribution Systems with Hot Aisle Containment in High-Density Data Centers

Cho

Woo

Park³

et al. 2020

Energies

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Removing heat from high-density information technology (IT) equipment is essential for data centers. Maintaining the proper operating environment for IT equipment can be expensive. Rising energy cost and energy consumption has prompted data centers to consider hot aisle and cold aisle containment strategies, which can improve the energy efficiency and maintain the recommended level of inlet air temperature to IT equipment. It can also resolve hot spots in traditional uncontained data centers to some degree. This study analyzes the IT environment of the hot aisle containment (HAC) system, which has been considered an essential solution for high-density data centers. The thermal performance was analyzed for an IT server room with HAC in a reference data center. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was conducted to compare the operating performances of the cooling air distribution systems applied to the raised and hard floors and to examine the difference in the IT environment between the server rooms. Regarding operating conditions, the thermal performances in a state wherein the cooling system operated normally and another wherein one unit had failed were compared. The thermal performance of each alternative was evaluated by comparing the temperature distribution, airflow distribution, inlet air temperatures of the server racks, and recirculation ratio from the outlet to the inlet. In conclusion, the HAC system with a raised floor has higher cooling efficiency than that with a hard floor. The HAC with a raised floor over a hard floor can improve the air distribution efficiency by 28%. This corresponds to 40% reduction in the recirculation ratio for more than 20% of the normal cooling conditions. The main contribution of this paper is that it realistically implements the effectiveness of the existing theoretical comparison of the HAC system by developing an accurate numerical model of a data center with a high-density fifth-generation (5G) environment and applying the operating conditions.

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A Comparative Study of Energy Savings in a Liquid-Cooled Server by Dynamic Control of Coolant Flow Rate at Server Level

Shahi

Saini

Bansode

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

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CFD Investigation of Dispersion of Airborne Particulate Contaminants in a Raised Floor Data Center

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants on Information Technology Equipment Reliability—A Review

Effects of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants on Information Technology Equipment Reliability—A Review

A Comparative CFD Study of Two Air Distribution Systems with Hot Aisle Containment in High-Density Data Centers

A Comparative Study of Energy Savings in a Liquid-Cooled Server by Dynamic Control of Coolant Flow Rate at Server Level

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