“…Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the most current technology in the study of fluid flow used in many applications (Sathish & Mohanavel, 2018;Wehinger, 2019;Zhang & Mirzael, 2020;Chavan, Vitankar, Shinde, & Thorat, 2021). Experimental methods of turbomachinery performance prediction involve greater consumption of time and financial resources compared to the CFD approach, which has been widely used in fluid flow simulation in turbomachinery (Abdelmadjid, Mohamed, & Boussad, 2013;Danish, Khan, Umer, Qureshi, & Ma, 2014;Liu, Wang, Wang, Huang, & Jiang, 2014;Nataraj & Singh, 2014).…”