CFD Analysis and Knock Prediction into Crevices of Piston to Liner Fireland of an High Performance ICE

Rosetti, Angelo; Iotti, Corrado; Bedogni, Andrea; Cantore, Giuseppe; Fontanesi, Stefano; Berni, Fabio

doi:10.4271/2019-24-0006

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…19 In this complex scenario, CFD tools play a fundamental role to reduce development costs and time to market. They can be proficiently adopted to estimate engine efficiency, optimize injection 20 and cooling strategies, 21,22 investigate alternative combustion 23,24 and ignition technologies, 25 evaluate the effect of water injection, [26][27][28][29] prevent knock [30][31][32] and thermomechanical failures 33 and, finally, predict tailpipe emissions. 34 In the light of the restrictive regulations in terms of pollution and the consequent efforts by the car manufacturers, in the last decade the CFD codes (especially 3D ones) have undergone a massive development to offer improved modeling for gaseous and, mostly, solid pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of gaseous emissions and soot in 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations of spark-ignition engines: A methodology to correlate numerical results and experimental data

Berni

Pessina

Paltrinieri

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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In order to reduce development costs and time-to market, 1D and 3D CFD tools can support engine design providing reliable estimations of the tailpipe emissions. In particular, 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations can evaluate formation of both soot and gaseous pollutants inside the combustion chamber. The main issue in such kind of simulations is the validation against experimental findings. In fact, the complexity of the emission measurements does not allow a straightforward one-to-one comparison between numerical and experimental results. Therefore the present paper aims at providing, on the one hand, a robust numerical framework for both gaseous and solid emissions, on the other hand a dedicated post-processing for a fair comparison between simulations and experiments. From a numerical standpoint, a simplified approach is dedicated to gaseous emissions, while a more detailed one is reserved to soot modeling. The latter is based on the Sectional Method, whose reaction rates are tabulated following 0D chemical kinetic simulations of a purposely designed surrogate in a constant pressure reactor. Simulations and experiments proposed in the present analysis are referred to a high-performance turbocharged direct-injection spark-ignition engine operated at part-load and low rpms. On equal performance, revving speed and mean mixture quality, different injection timings are investigated. The developed numerical approach and post-processing ensure a good agreement between simulations and experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of gaseous emissions and soot in 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations of spark-ignition engines: A methodology to correlate numerical results and experimental data

Berni

Pessina

Paltrinieri

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…As for commercial gasolines, carbon-atom rich fuels belonging to the aromatic hydrocarbon class [4] are more prone to generate soot, especially in fuel-rich mixture combustion, when the fuel pyrolysis process is triggered. Emissions in ICEs can be investigated with both experiments at the test bench and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): accurate description of flow field [5], spray [6] [7], mixing [8], combustion [9] [10], knock [11] [12], and emission formation [13] can be achieved with advanced models. The estimation of soot production during fuel oxidation via CFD tools can be achieved both employing detailed chemistry resolution [14] and a chemistry-tabulated approach [8] [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lagrangian-phase Modelling on Charge Stratification and Spatial Distribution of Threshold Soot Index for Toluene Reference Fuel Surrogates

Pessina

Borghi

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Nowadays, soot emissions are one of the major concerns in Direct Injection Spark Ignition engines. Soot prediction models can be computationally expensive, especially when particle mass, number, and size distribution are to be forecast. While soot formation heavily depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the fuel, the simulation of the exact composition of a real gasoline is computationally unfeasible. Thus, it is essential to find simplified yet representative pathways to reduce the computational cost of the simulations. On the one hand, the a-priori investigation of the factors influencing particulate onset can be a simplified approach to compare different solutions and strategies with much cheaper costs than the modelling of soot formation and oxidation mechanisms. On the other hand, the use of surrogate fuels is a practical approach to cope with the fuel chemical nature. Although they poorly mimic the evaporation properties of a real gasoline, Toluene Reference Fuels are broadly adopted to match combustion relevant properties of the real fuels. In this study, the spatial distribution of the Threshold Soot Index in the fluid domain is investigated for three surrogates characterized by an increasing content of toluene (0 mol%, 30 mol%, 60 mol%). The correlation between the sooting tendency and the fuel distribution in the combustion chamber before spark ignition time can provide useful preliminary indications, without spending the computational effort of the whole soot model multicycle resolution. In particular, two approaches for the lagrangian description of the injected fuel are investigated: a multicomponent approach and a single component one, this last driven by a high-fidelity lumped modelling of the surrogate properties for both liquid and vapor phase.

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“…1D tools can define the engine layout since the early stage of design thanks to the improved predictive capabilities [13][14][15][16]. Detailed 3D analyses can prevent abnormal combustions [17,18] and thermo-mechanical failures [19][20][21][22] in current production highly-downsized SI engines. Alternatively they can evaluate the effect of turbulence (via complex approaches and dedicated post-processing techniques) [23][24][25][26][27], the impact of alternative valve actuation strategies [28], the efficiency of innovative combustions [29], the contribution of turbulent jet ignition (TJI) [30] and the advantage of water injection [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D-CFD numerical framework for the simulation of both light- and heavy-duty Diesel injectors

Sparacino

Borghi

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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In spite of the effort of the engine manufacturers to improve exhaust aftertreatment efficiency, thus reducing tailpipe pollutants, the unaffordable tightening of the laws dealing with emissions puts a strain on the use of Diesel engines for passenger cars in the next decades. However, for trucks and marine applications, such technology may remain the predominant solution all over the world. For this reason, development of heavy-duty Diesel engines goes on and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can play a crucial role in supporting designers. Among the different goals of the numerical analyses on Diesel engines, 3D-CFD Lagrangian simulations can be adopted to optimize fuel injection, which is a crucial aspects as able to affect both combustion efficiency and emissions. For this purpose, a robust numerical framework is needed. The present work aims at proving that models suitable for the simulation of light-duty Diesel injectors can be proficiently extended for heavy-duty ones. In particular, attention is here focused on droplet break-up. An alternative secondary break-up model is proposed. It is purposely calibrated on the well-known Spray A injector provided by the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), which can be assumed as representative of injectors for light-duty applications. 3D-CFD simulations are validated against experimental data in terms of both liquid and vapour penetrations and imaging. Then, the numerical set-up adopted for the Spray A is employed without any further adhoc tuning to investigate Spray C and Spray D which can be considered, instead, representative of heavy-duty nozzles. The proposed model proves to be effective for the prediction of the break-up rate. All the injectors are tested via vessel simulations characterized by the same ambient pressure and temperature, equal to 6 MPa and 900 K respectively. Even the adopted fuel is common, namely n-Dodecane, whose injection pressure and temperature are fixed to 150 MPa and 363 K, respectively.

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CFD Analysis and Knock Prediction into Crevices of Piston to Liner Fireland of an High Performance ICE

Abstract: 20XX-01-XXXX CFD analysis and knock prediction into crevices of piston to liner fireland of an high performance I.C.E.

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Modeling of gaseous emissions and soot in 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations of spark-ignition engines: A methodology to correlate numerical results and experimental data

Modeling of gaseous emissions and soot in 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations of spark-ignition engines: A methodology to correlate numerical results and experimental data

Effect of Lagrangian-phase Modelling on Charge Stratification and Spatial Distribution of Threshold Soot Index for Toluene Reference Fuel Surrogates

A 3D-CFD numerical framework for the simulation of both light- and heavy-duty Diesel injectors

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