CFAST-consolidated model of fire growth and smoke transport (version 6) :

Jones, Walter W.; Peacock, Richard D.; Forney, Glenn P.; Reneke, Paul A.

doi:10.6028/nist.sp.1026r2009

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Uncertainty is generally treated in fire models as a deterministic problem, i.e., it is traditionally studied by analysing the sensitivity of the model output in relation to the variability of the model input [Jones et al, 1995]. This is driven by the fact that fire models are generally based on deterministic equations (e.g., McGrattan et al [2010], Jones et al [2009]). On the other hand, evacuation models often treat uncertainty as a stochastic problem.…”

Section: Uncertainty In Evacuation Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models

Ronchi¹,

Kuligowski²,

Reneke³

et al. 2013

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To date, there is no International standard on procedures and tests to assess the verification and validation (V&V) of building fire evacuation models. Often it is the case that model testers adopt inconsistent procedures, or tests designed for other model uses or they do not test them for all features embedded in their model. For instance, the tests presented within the MSC/Circ.1238 (Guidelines for evacuation analysis for new and existing passenger ships) provided by the International Maritime Organization are often employed for the V&V of models outside their original context of use (e.g. building fires instead of maritime applications). This document is intended to open a discussion on the main issues associated with the definition of a standard procedure for the V&V of building fire evacuation models. A review of the current procedures, tests and methods available in the literature to assess the V&V of building evacuation models is provided. The capabilities of building evacuation models are evaluated by studying their five main core components, namely 1) pre-evacuation time, 2) movement and navigation, 3) exit usage, 4) route availability and 5) flow constraints. A set of tests and recommendations about the verification and validation of building evacuation models is proposed. These tests include suggestions on using simple tests of emergent behaviours together with examples of experimental data-sets suitable for the analysis of different core components. The uncertainties associated with evacuation modelling are discussed. In particular, a method for the analysis of behavioural uncertainty (uncertainty due to the use of distributions or stochastic variables to simulate human behaviour in evacuation modelling) is presented. The method consists of a set of convergence criteria based on functional analysis. The last part of this document presents a discussion on the issues associated with the definition of the acceptance criteria of a standard V&V protocol.

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Section: Uncertainty In Evacuation Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models

Ronchi¹,

Kuligowski²,

Reneke³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…CFAST [11] is a multi-room zone model which can be used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke and fire gases and the temperature throughout a building during a fire. In CFAST, each room is divided into two layers: an upper hot layer and a lower cool layer.…”

Section: Fire Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical evaluation of the smoke exhaust efficiency in two atria will be carried out in this paper. The two-layer zone model -Consolidation model of Fire growth And Smoke Transport CFAST 6.05 [11] and field model -Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS 4.07 [12] developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology will be used. Numerical predictions are compared with experimental data [13] from hot smoke test for atrium of irregular shape to illustrate how good the predictions are.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Analysis of Performance of Smoke Exhaust System in Atrium Buildings with Nonuniform Spaces

Sui

et al. 2011

AMR

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Performance of the smoke exhaust system in two atria with nonuniform spaces will be analyzed by fire models in this paper. A two-layer zone model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics field model FDS developed by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA are used. Numerical results are compared with the experimental data by hot smoke test in these two atria. Both fire models can give good predictions and so are suitable for evaluating the performance of the smoke exhaust system.

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“…The model was reasonable simplified as shown in Fig. 2, also considering the limit of CFAST settings [2] . Relating size of opening and leakage were shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Analyzing of Mechanical Smoke Exhaust in a High-Rise Building

Shi

Gao

2013

AMR

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The mechanical smoke exhaust is as acknowledged as an effective smoke control manner by making use of some necessary exhaust facilities. In this paper, a field model with a combination of a zone model were used to simulate the mechanical smoke exhaust in a loop corridor of the fire floor in a high-rise hotel, for the propose of evaluate fire safety of mechanical smoke exhaust. There were several factors are under discussion, as the arrangement of smoke vents, quantity of smoke vents, the volume of smoke exhaust, the position of the smoke vents and height of ceiling indoor, et al. The conclusions were obtained as followed. When two exhaust vents were set symmetrically in the loop corridor, one of which was located nearby the fire room, the smoke exhausted better. The volume of smoke exhaust per unit area with 60m3/h according to regulations, always could ensure safety of smoke exhaust.

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CFAST-consolidated model of fire growth and smoke transport (version 6) :

Cited by 37 publications

References 122 publications

The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models

The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models

Computational Analysis of Performance of Smoke Exhaust System in Atrium Buildings with Nonuniform Spaces

Simulation and Analyzing of Mechanical Smoke Exhaust in a High-Rise Building

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