Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo

Ancarola, María Eugenia; Marcilla, Antonio; Herz, Michaela; Macchiaroli, Natalia; Pérez, Moira; Asurmendi, Sebastián; Brehm, Klaus; Poncini, Carolina Verónica; Rosenzvit, Mara Cecília; Cucher, Marcela Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.003

Cited by 70 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Helminth EVs were first described in the free‐living nematode Caenorhabdidits elegans and were attributed functions in communication and mating‐related behaviors . More recently, a steady stream of publications have described the secretion of EVs from parasitic helminths, including liver‐ and blood flukes ( Fasciola hepatica, Echinostoma caproni, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Opisthorchis viverrini, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum ), roundworm nematodes ( Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Trichuris suis, Trichuris muris, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Brugia malayi , Dirofilaria immitis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis ) and tapeworm cestodes ( Echinococcus multilocularis , Echinococcus granulosus , Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti ) …”

Section: Effects Of Helminth Evs On the Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles

2018

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Helminth parasites (worms) have evolved a vast array of strategies to manipulate their vertebrate hosts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all helminth species investigated thus far, and their salient roles in parasite-host interactions are being revealed. Parasite EVs directly interact with various cell types from their hosts, including immune cells, and roles for their molecular cargo in both regulation and promotion of inflammation in the host have been reported. Despite the growing body of literature on helminth EVs, limited availability of genetic manipulation tools for helminth research has precluded detailed investigation of specific molecular interactions between parasite EVs and host target cells. Here, we review the current state of the field and discuss innovative strategies targeting helminth EVs for the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies, placing particular emphasis on both anti-helminth vaccines and EV small RNAs for treating noninfectious inflammatory diseases.

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Section: Effects Of Helminth Evs On the Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles

2018

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“…Large miRNAs, being identified in E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, and E. canadensis (G7), have been found to feature certain characteristics of genes in expression regulation, such as tissue and developmental stage specificity, in their respective hosts [18,19,43]. To date, the miRNA expression profiles of E. granulosus sensu stricto (76 known miRNAs, including adults, cysts, and protoscoleces) [44,45], E. canadensis (46 known miRNAs, including cysts and protoscoleces) [12,46], and E. multilocularis (46 known miRNAs, including cysts) [1] have been reported (Table 1).…”

Section: Widespread Expression Of Mirnas In Echinococcus Spp Accordimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported that non-coding RNAs play important roles in physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotes [17]. MiRNAs and lncRNAs are widely expressed in Echinococcus spp., such as E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, and E. canadensis [18,19]. MiRNAs are small, yet powerful, regulatory RNAs that are implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of almost all the cellular signaling pathways in both the animals and plants [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs and lncRNAs in Echinococcus and Echinococcosis

Yan

Yuán

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Echinococcosis are considered to be potentially lethal zoonotic diseases that cause serious damage to hosts. The metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus can result in causing the alveolar and cystic echinococcoses, respectively. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are widely expressed in Echinococcus spp. and hosts. In this review, the two main types of non-coding RNAs—long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and the wide-scale involvement of these molecules in these parasites and their hosts were discussed. The expression pattern of miRNAs in Echinococcus spp. is species- and developmental stage-specific. Furthermore, common miRNAs were detected in three Echinococcus spp. and their intermediate hosts. Here, we primarily focus on recent insights from transcriptome studies, the expression patterns of miRNAs and lncRNAs, and miRNA-related databases and techniques that are used to investigate miRNAs in Echinococcus and echinococcosis. This review provides new avenues for screening therapeutic and diagnostic markers.

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“…Exosome-like vesicles from helminthes may play a pivotal role in parasitic infection [23][24][25][26]. Recent studies of several cestodes have revealed that exosome-like vesicles from parasites can deliver miRNA or protein cargo into host cells to modulate the host immune system [11,27]. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluids were enriched in some exosome-enriched EVs and specific proteins with host or parasite origins, some of which were associated with cyst survival [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from Cysticercus pisiformis and their immunoregulatory role in macrophages

Wang

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Taenia pisiformis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in canines, and leads to serious economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry. Exosome-like vesicles from parasites play crucial roles in host-parasite interactions by transferring cargo from parasites to host cells and by modulating host immunological response through inducing production of host-derived cytokines. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which exosome-like vesicles from Cysticercus pisiformis regulate macrophage immune response remains unknown.Methods: Using ultracentrifugation, we isolated exosome-like vesicles from excretory/secretory products (ESP) of C. pisiformis. The morphology and size of purified vesicles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The components of proteins and miRNA within these vesicles were identified by proteomic analysis and high-throughput small RNA sequencing. The biological function of targets of exosomal miRNAs was predicted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Moreover, the expression of Th1- and Th2-type immune response associated cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. We found that exosome-like vesicles were typical cup-shaped vesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm. A total of 87 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, including proteins prominently associated with exosome-like vesicles biogenesis and vesicle trafficking. 41 known miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs were identified in the exosome-like vesicles. 11 selected miRNAs, including 7 known miRNAs (miR-71-5p, miR-10a-5p, miR-let-7-5p, miR-745-3p, miR-219-5p, miR-124-3p, and miR-4989-3p) and 4 novel miRNAs (novel-mir-3, novel-mir-7, novel-mir-8, and novel-mir-11) were validated to exist in metacestiodes and exosome-like vesicles of C. pisiformis by qRT-PCR. The functions of most targets of exosomal miRNAs were mainly associated with signal transduction and the immune system. Additionally, C. pisiformis-derived vesicles induced the production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and Arg-1, but downregulated the expression of IL-12, IFN-γ and iNOS in RAW264.7 macrophages.Conclusions: We demonstrated that proteins and miRNAs enclosed within exosome-like vesicles from C. pisiformis have immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, exosome-like vesicles were shown to induce the macrophage Th2-type immune response in vitro. Our study suggests that exosome-like vesicles play an important role in the interaction between cysticerci and their hosts.

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Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo

Cited by 70 publications

References 64 publications

Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles

Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles

miRNAs and lncRNAs in Echinococcus and Echinococcosis

Characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from Cysticercus pisiformis and their immunoregulatory role in macrophages

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