Cesium Translocation in Rice

Tanoi, Keitaro; Nobori, Tatsuya; Shiomi, Shuto; Saito, Takumi; Kobayashi, Natsuko I.; Leonhardt, Nathalie; Nakanishi, Teruyuki

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3218-0_3

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…After each measurement, the radiation was separated into radiation emitted by Cs-137 and Cs-134 using the abundance ratio of Cs-137 to Cs-134 at the time of sampling. That ratio was obtained from the physical decay rates of the isotopes and the elapsed time from the accident to sampling, assuming that the ratio at the time of the FDNPP accident was 1:1 (Nobori et al, 2013;Tanoi et al, 2019). Although a gamma-ray spectrometer provides more precise Cs-137 measurement data, lowerresolution NaI with effective algorithms can be quite effective and, thus, is preferred for its ruggedness, shorter time required for evaluation, and cost of operation (Burr and Hamada, 2009;Stinnett and Sullivan, 2013).…”

Section: Radioactivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of topography and soil properties on radiocesium concentrations in forest soils in Fukushima, Japan

Yasumiishi

Nishimura

Aldstadt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. This research collected forest soil samples from Fukushima, Japan, where the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident contaminated the land. The purpose of this study was to examine how the local topography influenced the radiocesium (Cs-137) accumulation patterns in soils over the years since the accident. As an analytical method, the general additive model (GAM) was used to determine at what percentages the topographic parameters explain Cs-137 contamination levels down to a depth of 30 cm. For comparison, topographic parameters were extracted from both 1 m and 10 m digital evaluation models (DEMs). The effects of topography were compared with the effects of the soil water content and dry soil bulk density. An additional Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was conducted to determine the significance of the hillslope aspect and vegetation cover differences on concentration predictions. The results showed that, at this study site, topographic parameters extracted from the 10 m DEM better predicted Cs-137 levels. The models with a single topographic parameter did not explain Cs-137 levels higher than 30 %. However, combining the parameters improved the explanation percentages. The relative influences of topographic parameters and soil properties were similar throughout the soil depth, showing their subsurface co-functionalities for Cs-137 concentration levels. Tukey’s HSD test results showed the inter-effects of topography and vegetation cover differences. The results of this study indicate that the selection of topographic parameters, as well as the chosen methods of their extractions, have implications for physical models assessing radionuclide contamination levels.

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Section: Radioactivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of topography and soil properties on radiocesium concentrations in forest soils in Fukushima, Japan

Yasumiishi

Nishimura

Aldstadt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dynamics of Radio-Cesium in the Soils and Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of the Cesium Uptake into Rice Plants

Rai¹,

Kawabata²

2020

KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU

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The Dynamics of Radio-Cesium in Soils and Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Higher Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Rice Plants

Rai

Kawabata

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soil radio-cesium (Cs) contamination caused by nuclear accidents is a major public concern. In this review, we presented the behavior of radio-Cs in soils, the relationship between Cs + and potassium (K) ion uptake from soils, and the Cs + uptake model proposed previously. Finally, we introduced the newly elucidated mechanism of Cs + uptake in rice plants and compared it with the previously proposed Cs + uptake model. Cs is a trace element in soil. It is toxic to plants when absorbed at high concentrations, although this rarely occurs under normal environmental conditions. Nevertheless, radio-Cs released during nuclear weapon tests or nuclear power plant accidents is absorbed by plants, thus entering the food chain. As Cs + strongly binds to the frayed edge sites of illitic clays in soil, it is hardly moved by the infiltration of rainwater. However, plants have a strong ability for inorganic ions uptake, causing re-diffusion of radio-Cs + into ecosystems and radioactive contamination of food. It is hypothesized that Cs + is absorbed by plants through the same mechanism implemented in K + uptake. However, the dynamics of the two elements do not always coincide in their transition from soil to plants and inside the plants. A previously proposed model of Cs uptake by higher plants stated that Cs + is absorbed through high affinity potassium (HAK) family of transporters and voltage-insensitive cation (VIC) channels. A knockout line of a HAK transporter gene (oshak1) in rice revealed that the HAK transporter OsHAK1 is the main route of Cs + influx into rice plants, especially in low-potassium conditions. The K + uptake rates did not differ greatly between the oshak1 and wildtype. On the surface of rice roots, potassiumtransport systems other than OsHAK1 make little or no contribution to Cs + uptake. It is almost certain that OsAKT1 does not mediate the Cs uptake. Under normal soil conditions, 80-90% of Cs uptake into the roots is mediated by OsHAK1 and the rest by VIC channels. Except for the difference between the contribution ratio of HAK and VIC channels in Cs uptake, these results are consistent with the conventional model.

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Cesium Translocation in Rice

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

The effects of topography and soil properties on radiocesium concentrations in forest soils in Fukushima, Japan

The effects of topography and soil properties on radiocesium concentrations in forest soils in Fukushima, Japan

Dynamics of Radio-Cesium in the Soils and Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of the Cesium Uptake into Rice Plants

The Dynamics of Radio-Cesium in Soils and Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Higher Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Rice Plants

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