Cesium exchanged tungstophosphoric acid supported on tin oxide: An efficient solid acid catalyst for etherification of glycerol with tert-butanol to synthesize biofuel additives

Srinivas, M.; Raveendra, G.; Parameswaram, G.; Prasad, P. S. Sai; Lingaiah, N.

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.005

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In order to verify the influence of the material acidity on the catalytic performance, the yield to h-GTBE vs the acidity of the catalysts was plotted (Figure 8). In general, a linear tendency is observed, indicating that acidity strongly influences the catalytic reaction, as previously observed by several authors [34][35][36]. However, an exception was observed for catalyst (2), i.e., Ti SiO 2 PrSO 3 H. The one pot Ti SiO 2 PrSO 3 H catalyst (2) exhibited strong acidity (0.9 mmol H + /g), so a high value of glycerol conversion and yield to h-GTBE was expected.…”

Section: Screening Of the Sulfonic Silica-or Titania-based Catalystssupporting

confidence: 84%

Microwave-Assisted Glycerol Etherification Over Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

et al. 2020

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Glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production. For this reason, its valorization into value-added products, by using green procedures, represents an important goal. Different sulfonic acid silica- or titania-based catalysts were prepared, characterized and tested in the glycerol etherification process, assisted by microwaves, in order to obtain biodiesel additives. The surface and structural properties of the catalysts were investigated by means of N2 adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and acid capacity measurements by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). The best performance in terms of activity was achieved in the presence of the sulfonic function directly linked to the amorphous silica. By the correlation of the structure properties of the materials and their activity, the performance of the catalysts was shown to be influenced mainly by the surface area, pore volume and acidity. Recycling experiments performed over the most active systems showed that the sulfonic silica-based materials maintained their performance during several cycles.

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Section: Screening Of the Sulfonic Silica-or Titania-based Catalystssupporting

confidence: 84%

Microwave-Assisted Glycerol Etherification Over Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

et al. 2020

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“…Celdeira et al [76] reported the sulfonation of aluminum pillary clay and niobia (HY-340 CBMM) by two different methods, a treatment with 30% aqueous sulfuric acid solution or a treatment with fuming sulfuric acid, achieving a higher sulfur incorporation with fuming sulfuric acid, attaining a yield to h-GTBE of 38.6 with 95% glycerol conversion. Srinivas et al [77] prepared cesium exchanged tungstophosphoric acid (CsTPA), supported on tin oxide with cesium exchanges between 10% and 30%. The acidity of the solids increased up to 20% of cesium exchange, being the solid with the highest acidity and also exhibiting the best catalytic performance (X G = 91% and S h-GTBE = 44%) after only one hour of reaction time.…”

Section: Etherification Of Glycerol With Tert-butyl Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel production has considerably increased in recent decades, generating a surplus of crude glycerol, which is the main drawback for the economy of the process. To overcome this, many scientists have directed their efforts to transform glycerol, which has great potential as a platform molecule, into value-added products. A promising option is the preparation of oxygenate additives for fuel, in particular those obtained by the etherification reaction of glycerol with alcohols or olefins, mainly using heterogeneous catalysis. This review collects up-to-date research findings in the etherification of glycerol, either with isobutene (IB) or tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), highlighting the best catalytic performances reported. Furthermore, the experimental sets employed for these reactions have been included in the present manuscript. Likewise, the characteristics of the glycerol ethers–(bio)fuel blends as well as their performances (e.g., quality of emissions, technical advantages or disadvantages, etc.) have been also compiled and discussed.

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“…The pure and M-SBA-15 materials (where M = Al, Zr, Ti and Nb; Si/M ratio = 20) were synthesized according to a previously reported procedure [22][23][24]. The zirconium (IV) n-propoxide solution (70 wt% in 1-propanol, Aldrich), tetraisopropyl o-titanate (TiPOT, > 98%, Merc), niobium (V) chloride (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) and aluminum isopropoxide (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as precursors for preparing the M-SBA-15 materials, where M = Zr, Ti, Nb and Al respectively.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pure and Metal-incorporated Sba-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization of glycerol with acetone over various metal-modified SBA-15 catalysts

2018

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Several catalysts containing metals such as Al, Zr, Ti and Nb were incorporated in SBA-15 with Si/M ratio = 20 using the hydrothermal process. These catalysts were evaluated for their reactivity during acid-catalyzed condensation of glycerol with acetone to yield a mixture of branched compounds, namely (2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxane-4-yl)-methanol (solketal) and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxane-5-ol, which are being used as fuel additives. The synthesised catalyst samples were characterized by ICP-AES analysis, N 2 adsorption-desorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, TPD of ammonia and ex situ pyridine-adsorbed FT-IR spectroscopy. The various characterization results confirm that metal oxides were incorporated in the pore wall of the SBA-15 matrices. The results of NH 3 -TPD and ex situ adsorbed pyridine FT-IR analyses showed that the acidity of the samples increased after incorporation of metal into the pure SBA-15 samples. Among various metals incorporated into the SBA-15, the Nb-SBA-15 (Si/Nb = 20) showed higher catalytic activity toward the acetalization of glycerol in liquid phase compared to that of other samples investigated. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the Nb-SBA-15 (Si/Nb = 20) exhibited 95% glycerol conversion with 100% solketal selectivity. The catalyst reusability studies indicated that the Nb-SBA-15 sample is regenerable and highly stable in the acetalization of glycerol.

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Cesium exchanged tungstophosphoric acid supported on tin oxide: An efficient solid acid catalyst for etherification of glycerol with tert-butanol to synthesize biofuel additives

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Microwave-Assisted Glycerol Etherification Over Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

Microwave-Assisted Glycerol Etherification Over Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

Acetalization of glycerol with acetone over various metal-modified SBA-15 catalysts

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