“…The basic calix[ n ]arene molecules can be made more complex by modifying the aromatic rings at the para position and/or substituting hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups with a variety of functional groups, e.g., adamantyl, phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, alkyl, acyl, ester, ether, amino, nitro, and so forth. The goal of the functionalization of calix[ n ]arene molecules is, among others, changing their solubility in a specific solvent, or changing the selectivity and the stability of their complexes formed with other molecules.…”