Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Stricklin, Daniela; Millage, Kyle; Rodriguez, Jason; McClellan, Gene E.

doi:10.21236/ada613961

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Plutonium-238 is also used in industry for other purposes (e. g., as a heat source in thermoelectric generators), less well secured than nuclear fuel [15]. The same applies to americium-241 that is widely used in home smoke detectors and many abandoned americium-241 sources have been recovered, and it represents a potential security threat [16]. Therefore, in the present work, we focused on decorporation treatment after the incorporation of these radionuclides in chemical forms most likely to be encountered and their different physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The computations are based on models developed by the International Commission for Radiation Protection [6] and by Legget et al [21][22][23], using the parameters of Bailey et al for the inhalation model [24], further adapted to study decorporation biokinetics by Stricklin et al [15,16,25]. In each case the committed effective dose for 50 years was determined.…”

Section: Biokinetic Models and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 8 h the DTPA concentration has decreased to 7.85 10 − 7 mol/l and after 24 h to 7.17 10 − 10 mol/l. Assuming an unchanged plutonium concentration (4.5 10 − 9 mol/l), DTPA is still in excess of the radionuclide after 8 h (around 200 times), but not after 24 h. Americium-241 shows a lower extracellular concentration immediately following an injection of 1 µCi (8.1 10 − 11 mol/l) and a binding constant in the same order of magnitude as for plutonium (log K = 26.2 for trivalent americium ions [26] and Log K = 22.9 at physiological conditions [16]). Even after 24 h DTPA is still in excess over americium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these models and their parameters are based on human exposure findings, animal experiments and/or biochemical similarities with well-known elements, depending on the availability of data. As clinical studies on volunteers are limited for ethical reasons, human data for some radionuclides are quite sparse, data show a large interindividual variability [16] and consequently the models are associated with uncertainties [28]. As it was shown that the inhalative absorption of plutonium seems to be slower than predicted by the original ICRP inhalation model [29], we used the lower revised parameters of Bailey et al [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Time on Decorporation Efficacy After a “Dirty Bomb” Attack Studied by Simulation

et al. 2016

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In the case of a nuclear or radiological incident, there is a risk of external and internal contamination with radionuclides in addition to external irradiation. There is no consensus whether decorporation treatment should be initiated right away on spec or pending the results of internal dosimetry to determine the indication. Based on biokinetic models for plutonium-239, americium-241 and cesium-137, the efficacy of a decorporation treatment using DTPA or Prussian blue was simulated depending on the initiation time and the duration of treatment for different invasion pathways and physicochemical properties of the inhaled compounds. For the same level of radioactivity incorporated, the committed effective dose increases with the speed of the invasion process. The impact of the initiation time of a decorporation treatment is particularly important when the absorption of the radionuclide is fast. Even if started early after incorporation, the therapeutic efficacy is less for americium-241 or cesium-137 compared to plutonium-239. Therapeutic efficacy increases with treatment duration up to about 90 days for plutonium-239 and cesium-137, whereas a prolongation of the treatment over this limit may further enhance efficacy in the case of americium-241. In the case of a nuclear incident, several fractions with different but a priori unknown physicochemical properties may be inhaled. Thus, decorporation therapy should be started as soon as possible after the incorporation of the radionuclide(s), as a loss of efficacy caused by a delay of treatment initiation possibly cannot be compensated later on. Treatment should be pursued for several months.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biokinetic Models and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Time on Decorporation Efficacy After a “Dirty Bomb” Attack Studied by Simulation

et al. 2016

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“…The medical effectiveness of a decorporation treatment using Prussian Blue (PB) after incorporation of radioactive cesium-137 by acute inhalation, as expected for victims of a "dirty bomb" attack, was studied by simulation in previous studies [14,15]. Simulations were based on the biokinetic model for cesium developed by the ICRP.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Life Time Saved By The Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Radiocesium Decorporation by a Prussian Blue Treatment and Stockpiling

et al. 2017

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In the case of an attack by a "dirty bomb" with cesium-137 there is a risk of internal contamination. The excretion of cesium-137 can be enhanced by Prussian Blue (PB), and thus the committed effective dose be reduced. We analyzed the benefit and costs of PB decorporation treatment. We simulated the reduction of the radiological dose by PB treatment after cesium-137 incorporation by inhalation. The saving of life time was quantified using the monetary "value of a statistical life" (VSL). Treatment costs were based on the market price of PB in Germany. Moreover we considered the holding costs of stockpiling. The benefit of PB treatment increases with its duration up to about 90 days. If treatment initiation is delayed, the maximum achievable benefit is decreased. For a VSL of 1.646 million €, the net benefit of a 90-days treatment started 1 day after the incorporation remains positive up to a stockpiling duration of 10 years. If starting PB treatment as late as the 180th day after incorporation, the costs will surpass the benefit. We conclude that a prompt decision making and early treatment initiation greatly impacts on the medical but also economic efficiency of a PB treatment.

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The Incorporation of Radionuclides After Wounding by a “Dirty Bomb”: The Impact of Time for Decorporation Efficacy and a Model for Cases of Disseminated Fragmentation Wounds

Rump

Stricklin

Lamkowski

et al. 2017

Advances in Wound Care

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In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb" there is a risk of internal contamination with radionuclides through inhalation and wounds. We studied the efficacy of a decorporation treatment depending on the initiation time and duration. Based on biokinetic models, we simulated the impact of different diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid treatments on the committed effective dose after the incorporation of plutonium-239. For the same level of radioactivity, the dose was higher after the fast absorption from the wound than after a slow invasion following inhalation. The impact of the treatment initiation time was particularly important in the case of the internal contamination through the wound. Ending the treatment at an early point in time was followed by an augmentation of radioactivity in the blood compartment, reflecting insufficient treatment duration. Treatment efficacy increased only marginally if extended over 90 days. For plutonium-239, the committed effective dose and the impact of the treatment initiation time on therapeutic efficacy predominantly depend on the speed of invasion,., the pathway and the physicochemical properties of the compounds involved. Thus, it is prudent to start decorporation therapy as soon as possible, as a loss of efficacy resulting from a delay in treatment initiation cannot be compensated later on. In the case of plutonium-239 incorporation, the treatment must be continued for several months. Multiple fragmentation wounds might be aggregated to a single wound model suited for internal dosimetry calculations by using the "rule of nine."

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Cesium-137 Decorporation Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The Impact of Time on Decorporation Efficacy After a “Dirty Bomb” Attack Studied by Simulation

The Impact of Time on Decorporation Efficacy After a “Dirty Bomb” Attack Studied by Simulation

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Radiocesium Decorporation by a Prussian Blue Treatment and Stockpiling

The Incorporation of Radionuclides After Wounding by a “Dirty Bomb”: The Impact of Time for Decorporation Efficacy and a Model for Cases of Disseminated Fragmentation Wounds

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