Cesarean sections and social inequalities in 305 cities of Latin America

Perner, Mónica Serena; Ortigoza, Ana; Trotta, Andrés; Yamada, Goro; Braverman, Ariela; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Alazraqui, Marcio; Roux, Ana V. Diez

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101239

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Worldwide, there is a remarkable rise overall in the trend of cesarean section rate for both emergency and elective surgical deliveries. The cesarean section rate is reported to be 32% (USA), 40.5% in Latin America with exponents as high as 80% in some private clinics, whereas on average it is 25% in Europe, 19.1% in Asia and 7.3% in Africa (33,34). Pain or the fear of pain is also one of the most common reasons for women requesting a cesarean delivery in LMICs.…”

Section: Cesarean Deliveries-general or Regional Anesthesia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety in obstetric anesthesia requires more research and support

van Zundert

2023

Front. Anesthesiol.

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Section: Cesarean Deliveries-general or Regional Anesthesia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety in obstetric anesthesia requires more research and support

van Zundert

2023

Front. Anesthesiol.

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“…Let’s not forget elective cesarean sections from 34 weeks, especially in Latin America where the cesarean section rate can reach 90% in certain socio-economic environments. 5, 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let's not forget elective cesarean sections from 34 weeks, especially in Latin America where the cesarean section rate can reach 90% in certain socio-economic environments. 5,6 Prematurity is not solely responsible for major motor sequelae in early childhood 7 ; it also contributes to minor long-term sequelae up to adulthood. 8 These include problems with coordination, behavior, cognition, learning, hyperactivity, school performance, and even tendencies toward aggressiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KMC and Brain Development: A Plea for Starting KMC as Early as Possible and as Long as Possible

Charpak,

Rivera,

Hernandez

2024

Journal of Neonatology

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The kangaroo mother care (KMC) method is a “45-year-old innovation” in health care to care for premature or low birth weight (LBW) infants: the KMC position with direct skin-to-skin contact on the chest of the mother, KMC nutrition based on breast milk and early home discharge in KMC position with close monitoring are the three key elements of this intervention. Created in 1978 to compensate for the lack of incubators in a huge maternity hospital in Colombia, it has always met with resistance from health professionals. Rigorously studied, it has shown benefits far beyond the reduction in mortality, to ensure a proper quality of life for these fragile babies. KMC has become an example of evidence-based care for premature or LBW infants, and it is no longer ethical not to apply it. Exploratory analysis results on brain growth according to the duration in days of KMC position are presented in this article and should help accelerate the systematic introduction of KMC as early as possible and for as long as possible from birth, as published by the WHO in 2022.

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Giving Birth While Facing Death: Cesarean Sections and Community Violence in Latin America

Svallfors

2024

Popul Res Policy Rev

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Armed conflict and organized crime are known to be linked to numerous negative maternal and neonatal health outcomes, such as stillbirth, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality. This study investigates how exposure to lethal community violence during pregnancy correlates with Cesarean births in Latin America, a region characterized by high rates of both C-sections and violence. The analysis combines micro-level survey data, covering 123,503 births, with subnational homicide statistics from Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Mexico. Region-fixed effects linear probability models were used to eliminate geographically varying omitted factors that could potentially confound exposure to violence and health conditions. The findings suggest that the high rates of C-sections in Latin America can partially be attributed to the high levels of violence, due to an increase in both medically unnecessary and emergency procedures. The relationship between exposure to community violence and C-section delivery varied by country, women’s socio-demographic characteristics, and the number of antenatal care visits. Exposure to violence during all trimesters correlated with the uptake of C-sections, indicating that violence negatively affects maternal and child health throughout pregnancy. This study enriches our understanding of the social determinants of maternal and child health. The findings can serve to inform comprehensive interventions aimed at reducing excess C-section rates and improving the health of women and newborns in areas affected by violence.

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Cesarean sections and social inequalities in 305 cities of Latin America

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Safety in obstetric anesthesia requires more research and support

Safety in obstetric anesthesia requires more research and support

KMC and Brain Development: A Plea for Starting KMC as Early as Possible and as Long as Possible

Giving Birth While Facing Death: Cesarean Sections and Community Violence in Latin America

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