Cesarean section changes neonatal gut colonization

Stokholm, Jakob; Thorsen, Jonathan; Chawes, Bo; Schjørring, Susanne; Krogfelt, Karen A.; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Bisgaard, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.028

Cited by 152 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

122

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The differences between vaginally delivered and Caesareansection delivered infants are apparent in early days and weeks and diminish with time (Dogra et al, 2015;Stokholm et al, 2016), which may explain the relatively minor effects reported in some studies (Chu et al, 2017). Vaginally delivered, breastfed infants had microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, it has been observed that among infants born at term, those with shorter gestational age showed slower maturation of microbiota during early infancy, independently of the delivery mode (Dogra et al, 2015). Caesarean section often results from underlying problems, which might contribute to the alternation in microbiota of Caesarean-section delivered infants and elective and emergency Caesarean section lead to distinct patterns of microbiota dysbiosis (Stokholm et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of the delivery mode is the most pronounced in the first days and weeks of life (Dogra et al, 2015;Stokholm et al, 2016). In the very first days and weeks of an infant's life, his or her gut microbiota often undergoes substantial fluctuations in composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, some studies have shown that infants born via caesarean section are at increased risk of developing asthma or atopic disease later in life [57]; however, the findings may vary with the geographical setting [58,59] . Birth via caesarean section significantly influences the gut microbial community with elevated colonisation by Clostridium species, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus relative to infants born via vaginal delivery [60] . Infants born via caesarean section also exhibit reduced gut microbial diversity relative to those born by natural delivery [61] .…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Joyce

Gahan²

2017

Dig Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a central role in the host metabolism of bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, which generate unconjugated free bile acids and secondary bile acids respectively. These microbially generated bile acids are particularly potent signalling molecules that interact with host bile acid receptors (including the farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor and TGR5 receptor) to trigger cellular responses that play essential roles in host lipid metabolism, electrolyte transport and immune regulation. Perturbations of microbial populations in the gut can therefore profoundly alter bile acid profiles in the host to impact upon the digestive and signalling properties of bile acids in the human superorganism. A number of recent studies have clearly demonstrated the occurrence of microbial disturbances allied to alterations in host bile acid profiles that occur across a range of disease states. Intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), short bowel syndrome and Clostridium difficile infection all exhibit concurrent alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes to host bile acid profiles. Similarly, extraintestinal diseases and syndromes such as asthma and obesity may be linked to aberrant bile acid profiles in the host. Here, we focus upon recent studies that highlight the links between alterations to gut microbial communities and altered bile acid profiles across a range of diseases from asthma to IBD.

show abstract

“…Infants born by Caesarian section (C-section) are at higher risks of developing atopic diseases [44,45] and are principally colonized by microbial communities similar to the mother’s skin, such as Staphylococcus species [43,46]. Early colonization patterns of the neonatal gut, but not the airways, is also affected by the mode of delivery; C-section promotes the emergence of Citrobacter , Klebsiella , Enterobacter , and Enterococcus species whereas E. coli colonization was associated with natural delivery [47]. Right after birth, inhalation of environmental microorganisms will result in lung and airways colonization [48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome in asthma

Rivas

Crother

Arditi

2016

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease with strong genetic and environmental components that manifests within a variety of clinical features and diverse patterns of immune responses. Asthma prevalence has dramatically increased over the last decade in Westernize societies, thereby suggesting a key function of environmental factors in disease promotion and development. Recent Findings “Early-life” microbial exposures and bacterial colonization are crucial for the maturation and the education of the immune system. The commensal flora is also critical in order to maintain immune homeostasis at the mucosal surfaces and may consequently play an important function in allergic disease development. Recent evidences demonstrate that asthma influences and is also impacted by the composition and function of the human intestinal and respiratory microbiome. Summary In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings on how asthma development is connected with respiratory and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. We will highlight and discuss the recent research that reveal the existence of a “gut-lung” microbial axis and its impact on asthma development. We will also analyze how “early-life” microbial exposure affects the immune response and their consequences on asthma development.

show abstract

Cesarean section changes neonatal gut colonization

Cited by 152 publications

References 33 publications

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

The microbiome in asthma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About