Cesarean Delivery: Background, Trends, and Epidemiology

Menacker, Fay; Declercq, Eugene; MacDorman, Marian F.

doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.002

Cited by 267 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7,10,32,40,42,47,50,53,58,59,62,75,77,85,86,89,94,96,97,109,116,117,125,127,135,137 In contrast, however, the incidence of birth asphyxia, trauma, and meconium aspiration is lower, and these advantages of elective cesarean delivery have been reviewed elsewhere in this issue of Clinics.…”

Section: Respiratory Morbidity In Infants Delivered By Cesarean Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Elective Cesarean Section: Its Impact on Neonatal Respiratory Outcome

Ramachandrappa¹,

Jain²

2008

Clinics in Perinatology

157

108

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The transition from a fluid filled lung to one filled with air in a very short period of time is one of the biggest challenges a newborn faces after birth. Respiratory morbidity as a result of failure to clear fetal lung fluid is not uncommon, and can be particularly problematic in some infants delivered by elective cesarean section (ECS) without being exposed to labor. The increasing rates of cesarean deliveries in the United States and worldwide, have the potential for a significant impact on public health and health care costs due to the morbidity associated with this subgroup. Whereas the occurrence of birth asphyxia, trauma, and meconium aspiration is reduced by elective cesarean delivery, the risk of respiratory distress secondary to transient tachypnea of the newborn, surfactant deficiency, and pulmonary hypertension is increased. It is clear that physiologic events in the last few weeks of pregnancy coupled with the onset of spontaneous labor are accompanied by changes in the hormonal milieu of the fetus and its mother, resulting in preparation of the fetus for neonatal transition. Rapid clearance of fetal lung fluid is a key part of these changes, and is mediated in large part by transepithelial sodium reabsorption through amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in the alveolar epithelial cells, with only a limited contribution from mechanical factors and Starling forces. In this chapter we discuss the respiratory morbidity associated with ECS, the physiologic mechanisms underlying fetal lung fluid absorption and potential strategies for facilitating neonatal transition when infants are delivered by ECS before the onset of spontaneous labor. The changing landscape for human deliveriesCesarean births rose for an tenth straight year in 2006 to a record 31.1% of all deliveries in the United States; this rate is more than 50% higher than in 1996 and is accompanied by a significant drop in the number of women attempting vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery (VBAC). 56 ( Fig. 1) Most of the overall increase can be attributed to the increase in the primary cesarean rates, from 14.6% in 1996 to 20.3% in 2005. This rise in the primary cesarean rate coupled with the decrease in the VBAC rate (7.9% in 2005) means that women who have a primary cesarean section have a greater than 90% chance of having a repeat cesarean section, further increasing the overall cesarean rate in the future. 90 Among the many reasons cited for this increase are older women giving birth, multiple gestations from fertility treatments, as well as the concerns of physicians and mothers about the risks of vaginal birth. Cesarean births in low risk or "no risk" mothers where no medical indication can be identified are on the rise and are often referred to as Cesarean Delivery at Maternal Request (CDMR).Address for Correspondence and Reprints: Lucky Jain, MD, MBA, Professor of Pediatrics & Executive Vice Chairman, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta GA 30322, ljain@emory.edu, 404-727-1471. Coauthor...

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Section: Respiratory Morbidity In Infants Delivered By Cesarean Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Elective Cesarean Section: Its Impact on Neonatal Respiratory Outcome

Ramachandrappa¹,

Jain²

2008

Clinics in Perinatology

157

108

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] So the repeat cesarean section rate had increased compare to VBAC rate contributing to increased overall cesarean section rate. 14 The cesarean section rate was increased in the United States from 21% in 1996 to 33% in 2012. 15,16 In our Institute Sola Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad rate of cesarean section was 18% in 2012 which increased to 26% in 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of FLAMM scoring on cesarean section rate in previous one lower segment cesarean section patient

Patel

Kansara

Patel

et al. 2016

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…Studies have found that 6% of women pregnant with their first child and 13.3% of non-pregnant women stated a preference for cesarean section [8][9]. The primary reasons included fear of vaginal birth, bypassing risks to the fetus from vaginal birth, and protecting the lower genital tract from trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Birth or Cesarean Section: Recommendations of Women Who Delivered Via Both Methods

Guldeniz¹

2016

Ann Clin Anal Med

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ÖzetAmaç: Hem vajinal doğum hem de sezaryen ile doğum yapmış kadınların hangi doğum şeklini önerdikleri ve bu önerilerin sebeplerinin belirlenmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya hem vajinal doğum hem de sezaryen ile doğum yapmış olan ve ortalama yaşları 42.1 ±7.6 olan toplam 204 kadın dahil edildi. Vajinal ve sezaryen doğum ile ilgili deneyimlerini sorgulayan bir anket hazırlandı. Bulgular: Sezaryen endikasyonları, anne tercihi (40) ve obstetrik endikasyonlardı (164). İkiyüzdört kadından 129'u (% 63.2), diğer kadınlara vajinal doğum önermiştir. Vajinal doğum eylemi sırasında zor doğum yaşayan katılımcılar, vajinal doğumu "kolay" olarak kabul edenlere göre daha fazla sezaryen öner-mişlerdir (%65.4'e karşılık %10.4, p <0.01). Eğitim düzeyi (p = 0.011) yüksel-dikçe sezaryen önerisi verilmesi de anlamlı ölçüde artmaktadır. Vajinal doğu-mu önerenlerin belirttikleri en sık neden postpartum rahatlık(% 64.3), sezaryen önerenlerin belirttikleri en sık neden ise eylemin kolayca sonlanmasıdır. (% 53.3). Obstetrik endikasyonlar nedeni ile sezaryen doğum yapan kadınla-rın çoğunluğu (% 69.6) vajinal doğumu önermiştir, oysa ki anne tercihi nedeni ile sezaryen doğum yapan kadınların büyük kısmı (% 62.5) sezaryen doğumu önermiştir. Tartışma: Her iki yöntem ile doğum yapmış kadınlar arasında vajinal doğum önerenler % 63.2 oranındadır, en sık neden postpartum konfordur. Sezaryen önerenler, vajinal doğum esnasındaki ağrıya göre daha kolay tolere edilmesi nedeniyle bu tavsiyede bulunmuşlardır.Anahtar Kelimeler Doğum Şekilleri; Sezaryen; Vajinal Doğum; Hasta Önerileri Abstract Aim: To determine which method is recommended by women who have delivered via both methods and their reasons for this recommendation. Material and Method: The study included 204 women, mean age was 42±7.6 years with history of both vaginal and cesarean delivery. A questionnaire was prepared about experiences with vaginal and caesarean delivery. Results: Reasons for cesarean section were maternal preference (40), and obstetric indications (164). Of the 204 women, 129 (63.2%) recommended vaginal delivery to other women. More participants who experienced difficult labor during vaginal delivery recommended cesarean delivery than those who considered their vaginal delivery "easy" (65.4% vs.10.4%, p<0.01). Recommendation of cesarean section increased significantly with the level of education (p=0.011). The most frequent reason for recommend vaginal delivery was postpartum comfort (64.3%), for recommend cesarean delivery were easy labor (53.3%). Most women who delivered via cesarean section due to obstetric indications (69.6%) recommended vaginal route, whereas most who chose cesarean delivery (62.5%) recommended cesarean section. Discussion: Among women who had delivered via both methods, 63.2% of those recommended vaginal delivery due to primarily postpartum comfort. Patients who recommend cesarean section regarded it as easier primarily because of pain during vaginal delivery.

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Cesarean Delivery: Background, Trends, and Epidemiology

Cited by 267 publications

References 19 publications

Elective Cesarean Section: Its Impact on Neonatal Respiratory Outcome

Elective Cesarean Section: Its Impact on Neonatal Respiratory Outcome

Impact of FLAMM scoring on cesarean section rate in previous one lower segment cesarean section patient

Vaginal Birth or Cesarean Section: Recommendations of Women Who Delivered Via Both Methods

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