Cesarean Delivery and Risk of Excess Weight Among Brazilian Preschool Children

Lopes, Amanda Forster; Machado, Thais Costa; Nascimento, Viviane Gabriela; Bertoli, Ciro João; Leone, Cláudio

doi:10.1007/s10995-021-03295-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The mechanism for these associations is yet to be determined. However, previous studies have suggested that cesarean section is related to childhood BMI z-score [ 28 ] or higher risk for overweight and obesity [ 29 ], through its effects on the gut microbiome development [ 30 ] and by an epigenetic mechanism that induces metabolic changes in a child [ 31 ]. Consequently, pre-pubertal child weight is associated with early pubertal onset [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty in children: a case–control study

et al. 2023

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Background Recently the prevalence of precocious puberty development is increasing among Chinese children. Proper understanding of the risk factors for precocious puberty in children is pivotal as could help to improve children's health. This study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty in children. Methods We matched the cases and controls by age at the ratio of 1:1 (201 cases and 201 controls) for girls and 1:4 (24 cases and 96 controls) for boys. We used conditional logistic regression to explore the effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty, and a random forest model to identify the most important risk factor. Results In the multivariate regression, cesarean section (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.76), child body mass index [BMI] (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43), maternal BMI (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.26), and exposure to secondhand smoke several times a month but less than once a week (OR = 4.09, 95%CI: 1.79,9.35), and almost every day (OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.14, 19.56) were risk factors for precocious puberty in girls. While maternal height (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.88), paternal height (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98), bedtime at night (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.51), and night sleep (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.86) were protective factors. In boys, only exposure to secondhand smoke several times a month but less than once a week (OR = 7.94, 95% CI: 1.25, 50.33) was a risk factor for precocious puberty. In the random forest model, Child BMI was the most important risk factor for precocious puberty in girls. Conclusions Our findings suggest that environmental factors were associated with precocious puberty in children, particularly in girls.

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