Cervidae

Outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

“…Classically, in peracute and acute cases of EHD, there is hemorrhage and/or edema involving multiple tissues (most frequently involving the heart, skin, and gastrointestinal tract, in particular the abomasum), as well as gastrointestinal ulceration and erosion, necrosis in multiple tissues, and coronitis. 5-7,11,15,19,20,22 The reindeer in this study were unique in that the most common and grossly striking feature involved the adrenal glands, without significant cardiac or gastrointestinal tract involvement. Adrenal gland involvement has been reported; 5-7,15 however, it is usually not the main and only site of hemorrhage, unlike in 3 of the 4 reindeer.…”

Soft tissue sarcomas in 2 zoo-housed Alaskan moose

“…In the family Cervidae , the cutaneous neoplasm identified most commonly is benign cutaneous fibroma (BCF). 11,19,21–23 BCF is a non-encapsulated tumor that has an identified viral etiology. 6,19,20,22,23 The causative viral agent is a deltapapillomavirus related to bovine papilloma 1 virus.…”

“…11,19,21–23 BCF is a non-encapsulated tumor that has an identified viral etiology. 6,19,20,22,23 The causative viral agent is a deltapapillomavirus related to bovine papilloma 1 virus. 6,22,23 Histopathologic epidermal changes that differentiate BCF from STS include epidermal hyperplasia with acanthosis, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, and formation of rete ridges; 11,14,19,20–24 however, these benign fibromas have been erroneously referred to as fibrosarcomas, which is a type of STS.…”

“…6,19,20,22,23 The causative viral agent is a deltapapillomavirus related to bovine papilloma 1 virus. 6,22,23 Histopathologic epidermal changes that differentiate BCF from STS include epidermal hyperplasia with acanthosis, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, and formation of rete ridges; 11,14,19,20–24 however, these benign fibromas have been erroneously referred to as fibrosarcomas, which is a type of STS. 19,22 This misuse of nomenclature is commonly observed in discussions of STS, and can impede accurate diagnosis and management of these cases.…”

“…4 Viral-induced fibromas are generally considered benign, small, and have been shown to regress in wild cervids without treatment, whereas STSs do not regress, are locally aggressive, and require complete surgical excision for successful treatment. 1,2,6,10,13,15,23 STSs, including fibrosarcomas and myxofibrosarcomas, have been identified in cervids, but are considered rare. 5,9,10,22 We describe here the clinical history, presentation, and histopathologic characteristics of STS in 2 Alaskan moose (syn.…”