Cervical Spondylotic Dysphagia

Anterior Cervical Osteophytes as a Cause of Pharyngeal Stage Dysphagia

“…There are many mechanisms by which osteophytes can cause dysphagia because they can distort the pharynx, hypo‐pharynx, or esophagus. These mechanisms include: (1) a large osteophyte mechanically obstructing the esophagus, 9 (2) a smaller osteophyte pressing on the esophagus at its point of immobility at the cricoid cartilage (or the diaphragm), 30 (3) periesophagitis and peripharyngitis with associated inflammatory mucosal changes and edema, 31 (4) fibrosis and adhesions from tissue reaction near the protruding mass that fixes the esophagus and prevents normal mobility, 32 (5) pressure on the esophagus triggering cricopharyngeal spasm leading to dysphagia and pain, 9 and (6) interference with movement of the epiglottis 33 . All of our cases demonstrate dysphagia of the pharyngeal stage secondary to reduced epiglottic inversion caused by osteophytes at level C3–5.…”

Role of Ilaj-Bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) in Management of Waja-Ul-Unq (Cervical Spondylosis): A Review With Unani Perspective

“…Bakhoor with anti-inflammatory drugs like Baboona, Nakhoona, Makoh Khushk, Gul-e-Tesu and Namak-e-Lahori has been found effective. [30][31][32]…”

Effects of Minerva Orthosis on Larynx Height in Young, Healthy Volunteers

“…Several studies examined the relationship between swallowing and the cervical spine in a number of contexts, including dysphagia in patients with cervical spine lesions, 15 – 17 post-operative dysphagia after cervical spinal surgery, 18 , 19 and cervical spinal positioning during deglutition. 20 In general, movement of the entire cervical spine required during normal swallowing was disturbed when the cervical spine motions are restricted.…”