Cervical Scoliosis: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes

Mesfin, Addisu; Bakhsh, Wajeeh; Chuntarapas, Tapanut; Riew, K. Daniel

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1554776

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Even though the common cause of cervical deformity is still controversial, previous studies divided CD into congenital deformity and secondary deformity; secondary deformity includes iatrogenic and noniatrogenic deformity according to pathogenic factors (Table 1) [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Understanding the pathological features of CD can do good to the selection of therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: Pathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Features and Surgical Strategies of Cervical Deformity

Sun

Kong

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Cervical deformity (CD) is a kind of disorder influencing cervical alignment. Although the incidence of CD is not high, this deformity can cause not only pain but also difficulties in daily activities such as swallowing and maintaining upright position. Even though the common cause of cervical deformity is still controversial, previous studies divided CD into congenital deformity and secondary deformity; secondary deformity includes iatrogenic and noniatrogenic deformity according to pathogenic factors. Due to the lack of relevant studies, a standardized evaluation for CD is absent. Even though the assessment of preoperative condition and surgical planning mainly rely on personal experience, the evaluation methods could still be summarized from previous studies. The objective in this article is to summarize studies on cervical scoliosis, identify clinical problems, and provide directions for researchers interested in delving deep into this specific topic. In this review, we found that the lack of standard classification system could lead to an absence of clinical guidance; in addition, the osseous landmarks and vascular distributions could be variable in CD patients, which might cause the risk of vascular or neurological complications; furthermore, multiple deformities were usually presented in CD patients, which might cause chain reaction after the correction of CD; this would prevent surgeons from choosing realignment surgery that is effective but risky.

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Section: Pathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Features and Surgical Strategies of Cervical Deformity

Sun

Kong

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…In a case series of 18 patients with isolated cervical scoliosis, the Cobb angle improved from 35.1°to 15.7°; however, a complication rate of 30.8% was related to surgery. 23…”

Section: Scoliosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Spine Deformity: Indications, Considerations, and Surgical Outcomes

Cho

Safir

Lombardi

et al. 2019

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

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Cervical spinal deformity (CSD) in adult patients is a relatively uncommon yet debilitating condition with diverse etiologies and clinical manifestations. Similar to thoracolumbar deformity, CSD can be broadly divided into scoliosis and kyphosis. Severe forms of CSD can lead to pain; neurologic deterioration, including myelopathy; and cervical spine-specific symptoms such as difficulty with horizontal gaze, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Recently, an increased interest is shown in systematically studying CSD with introduction of classification schemes and treatment algorithms. Both major and minor complications after surgical intervention have been analyzed and juxtaposed to patient-reported outcomes. An ongoing effort exists to better understand the relationship between cervical and thoracolumbar spinal alignment, most importantly in the sagittal plane. Traumatic CSD can result from instability secondary to trauma. Upper CS injuries

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“…The main etiology of KFS is the impaired development of the cervical vertebrae, which leads to the improper segmentation of the cervical spine. Although KFS can occur as an isolated malformation, it is often associated with a variety of congenital diseases and other systemic malformations, including scoliosis, Sprengel deformity, urinary malformations, gastrointestinal malformations, hearing impairment, congenital heart defects and various neurological anomalies [1,[6][7][8]. In addition, congenital fusion deformity of the cervical vertebrae often alters the kinematics of the cervical spine in ways that may accelerate degenerative changes throughout the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mutational burden and oligogenic inheritance in Klippel-Feil syndrome

Zhao

Cai

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) represents a rare anomaly characterized by congenital fusion of the cervical vertebrae. The underlying molecular etiology remains largely unknown because of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Methods: We consecutively recruited a Chinese cohort of 37 patients with KFS. The clinical manifestations and radiological assessments were analyzed and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Additionally, rare variants in KFS cases and controls were compared using genetic burden analysis. Results: We primarily examined rare variants in five reported genes (GDF6, MEOX1, GDF3, MYO18B and RIPPLY2) associated with KFS and detected three variants of uncertain significance in MYO18B. Based on rare variant burden analysis of 96 candidate genes related to vertebral segmentation defects, we identified BAZ1B as having the highest probability of association with KFS, followed by FREM2, SUFU, VANGL1 and KMT2D. In addition, seven patients were proposed to show potential oligogenic inheritance involving more than one variants in candidate genes, the frequency of which was significantly higher than that in the in-house controls. Conclusions: Our study presents an exome-sequenced cohort and identifies five novel genes potentially associated with KFS, extending the spectrum of known mutations contributing to this syndrome. Furthermore, the genetic burden analysis provides further evidence for potential oligogenic inheritance of KFS.

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Cervical Scoliosis: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Pathological Features and Surgical Strategies of Cervical Deformity

Pathological Features and Surgical Strategies of Cervical Deformity

Cervical Spine Deformity: Indications, Considerations, and Surgical Outcomes

The mutational burden and oligogenic inheritance in Klippel-Feil syndrome

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