Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in university women: Relationship to history, contraception, ectopy, and cervicitis

Harrison, H. Robert; Costin, Max; Meder, J.; Bownds, Lynne M.; Sim, Dalice; Lewis, Marguerite; Alexander, E. Russell

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(85)80105-8

Cited by 177 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Hook et al (78) also found that, for both men and women, those reporting the highest number of lifetime partners (30 or more) had a lower proportion of chlamydia diagnoses than those reporting fewer partners. This trend was not documented in several other studies because the number of lifetime partners was measured as a dichotomous variable (32,35,74,79). The number of partners in the past year may also be an important risk factor for infection in women, because 10 of 14 studies found a positive correlation between multiple partners and infection in either single factor or multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Number and Type Of Partnersmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…First, a number of studies that did not demonstrate a significant relationship between racial group and chlamydia had samples that were either predominantly white or predominantly black (32,50,(70)(71)(72)(73)(74), and a small proportion of subjects with the exposure of interest make it difficult to detect differences among groups. Second, some studies may be affected by a diagnostic bias.…”

Section: Race And/or Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Navarro

Jolly²,

Nair³

et al. 2003

J Sex Reprod Med

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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the occurrence of genital chlamydia in developed countries and review the literature assessing the potential risk factors for this sexually transmitted disease. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was performed for all English citations from 1985 to 2000 that contain the keywords "Chlamydia trachomatis", "chlamydial infections", "risk factors" and "sex behaviour". All relevant references cited in articles that were obtained from the search were also included. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles obtained from the above sources were examined, and were included in the review if they met the following criteria: primary study examining sociodemographic or behavioural risk factors associated with genital chlamydial infection using multivariate analysis; study subjects 12 years of age and older; and study setting in a developed country. DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS:Genital chlamydial infection has become the most commonly reported bacterial infection in North America over the past decade. Thirty-eight cross-sectional studies and six cohort studies were included in the present review. Most studies demonstrated that young men and women are at higher risk of being infected with chlamydia than older subjects. Chlamydia seems to be found in a diverse group of people, and unlike gonorrhea, is not concentrated in low income, minority core groups with high rates of partner change. However, a number of studies have shown that communities with well-established control programs are beginning to demonstrate this pattern. There is no clear evidence that chlamydia is associated with type of partners, contraceptive use, or age at first intercourse. Future research should follow this sexually transmitted disease as it evolves through the epidemiological stages to ensure that preventive and treatment services are reaching those people who are most likely to be infected.

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Section: Number and Type Of Partnersmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Race And/or Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Navarro

Jolly²,

Nair³

et al. 2003

J Sex Reprod Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After the Pap smear, exfoliated cervicovaginal cells were obtained by lavage for HPV determination. 28 Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the following HPV types: 2,6,11,13,16,18,26,[31][32][33][34][35]39,40,42,45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] 61, 62, 64,[66][67][68][69][70] 72, 73 (PAP238A), 81 (AE7), 82 (W13B), 83 (PAP291), 85 (PAP155), AE2, AE6, and AE8. Samples were tested by Southern blot hybridization using 32 P-labeled HPV DNA types 11, 16, 18, 51, 52, and 53.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of the Association Between Age of First Sexual Intercourse and Subsequent Human Papillomavirus Infection

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT.Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that early age of first sexual intercourse is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The objective of this study was to identify a set of risk behaviors and partner characteristics that mediate the association between age of first sexual intercourse and subsequent HPV infection in adolescent and young adult women.Methods. Female university students completed surveys and underwent HPV testing every 6 months for up to 3 years. HPV-positive participants were matched to HPV-negative participants (252 pairs, total N ‫؍‬ 504). Associations were examined between risk behaviors/partner characteristics and both age of first sexual intercourse and HPV infection. Those variables associated with either age of first sexual intercourse or HPV infection were entered into a generalized estimating equation (to account for the matched study design) modeling the association between age of first sexual intercourse and HPV infection.Results. Mean age of first sexual intercourse was 16.7 (؎1.8) years, and early age of first sexual intercourse was associated significantly with HPV infection (␤ ‫؍‬ ؊0.20; odds ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.74 -0.90). The association was mediated by number of sexual partners in the past 6 months, history of sexually transmitted infection, alcohol and drug use related to sexual behaviors, and partner's number of sexual partners.Conclusion. A set of behavioral risk factors and partner characteristics partially mediate the association between age of first sexual intercourse and subsequent HPV infection. Pediatrics 2002;109(1). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/1/e5; human papillomavirus, sexual intercourse, adolescent, risk behaviors, mediator.ABBREVIATIONS. HPV, human papillomavirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection; GEE, generalized estimating equation. G enital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States, with a prevalence of approximately 50% in sexually active adolescent and young adult women. 1,2 Infection with certain HPV types, particularly types 6 and 11, is associated with the development of anogenital warts, which has a prevalence of approximately 2% in sexually active men and women. 3 HPV infection with high-risk oncogenic types, such as 16, 18, 31, and 45, may progress from infection to cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer. 4 -8 Although HPV infection is frequently transient in adolescent and young adult women and the natural history of HPV infection and cytologic abnormalities is still being defined, 9 this population has a relatively high incidence of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Mount and Papillo 10 reported that the incidence of Pap smears with squamous intraepithelial lesion was higher in adolescents 10 to 19 years of age than in adult women, and other investigators 11,12 have proposed that the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and cervical dysplasia is increasing worldwide in y...

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“…The association with hormonal contraception has been described by other workers (7,12,13), and could be because it is an acceptable form of contraception for the young or because it does not provide a barrier to infection. Gall suggests that infection is reduced by the use of a barrier method such as a sheath (14), though in the present study 3 of 49 (641 %) patients using a sheath had a chlamydial 60 M. E. MACAULAY AND OTHERS infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Prospective study of genital infections in a family planning clinic: 2. Chlamydia infection - the identification of a high-risk group

Macaulay

Riordan

James³

et al. 1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYDuring a study of genital infection in inner-city family-planning patients we examined 452 women for Chlamydia trachomatis. The prevalence of infection was 7.3 %. There was no significant difference between patients attending because of genital symptoms and those who were attending for routine family-planning advice. Infection was found to be correlated with five main demographic parameters; age less than 25, no stable partnership, hormonal contraception, nulliparity and West Indian Ethnic origin. Using these parameters a simple scoring system was devised which allowed a high-risk population to be defined in whom screening would be economically justified.

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Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in university women: Relationship to history, contraception, ectopy, and cervicitis

Cited by 177 publications

References 6 publications

Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Mediators of the Association Between Age of First Sexual Intercourse and Subsequent Human Papillomavirus Infection

A Prospective study of genital infections in a family planning clinic: 2. Chlamydia infection - the identification of a high-risk group

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