Cervical Cancer Protective Behavioral Patterns Among Mexican Women Living With HPV

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Evidence-based models addressing health for women who have HPV may prevent development of cervical cancer (CC). We applied Meleis' transition model to identify barriers and facilitators influencing CC protective behavior for women with HPV. Method: Descriptive, correlational design including nonprobabilistic sampling of women with HPV (N ¼ 201) in Mexico. Results: Variables linked to CC protective behavior (cervical cytology, stable partner, condom use, communication) included awareness of HPV/CC as well as attitude toward diagnosis and cytological control of HPV (l ¼ 890, F[196.00] ¼ 6.057, p ¼ .001). Acceptance of HPV diagnosis related to HPV carrier attitude, stigma, age, education, and length of HPV diagnosis (R 2 ¼ .155, F[5, 195] ¼ 8.34, p < .05). Knowledge of HPV, attitude toward HPV diagnosis/cytological control, and age had direct effects on self-efficacy for CC protective behavior (R 2 ¼ .239, F[7, 193] ¼ 9.95, p < .05). Coping with HPV diagnosis, self-efficacy for CC protective behavior, and age were also associated with CC protective behavior (R 2 ¼ 14.6, F[3.7] ¼ 12.39, p ¼ .001). Conclusions: Identification of factors inhibiting or facilitating transition among women who have HPV decrease progression to CC by increasing CC protective behaviors.

Emotional response to testing positive for human papillomavirus at cervical cancer screening: a mixed method systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Statements relating to shame and disgust were descriptively endorsed by the majority (>50%) in a descriptive study (Daley et al, 2010); and 'guilt', 'shame' and 'stigmatisation' were endorsed by 41.1%, 21.5% and 15.7% respectively in another study (Ferenidou et al, 2012). HPV-related shame did not change over time (up to 6-months post result) (Ngu et al, 2018), and one correlational study found that higher stigma was significantly associated with utilising fewer coping strategies and reporting less protective behaviour related to cervical cancer (Rodriguez et al, 2019).…”

“…Seventeen papers were quantitative studies (Alay et al, 2019;Andreassen et al, 2019;Ferenidou et al, 2012;Garces-Palacio et al, 2019;Hsu et al, 2018;Kitchener et al, 2008;Kwan et al, 2011;Maggino et al, 2007;Maissi et al, 2004Maissi et al, , 2005McBride et al, 2020;McCaffery et al, 2004;Nagele et al, 2019;Ngu et al, 2018;Rodriguez et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2011), 15 were qualitative (Barrera-Clavijo et al, 2015;Barreto et al, 2016;Bertram & Magnussen, 2008;Head et al, 2017;Kosenko et al, 2012;Lin et al, 2011;Linde et al, 2019;McCaffery & Irwig, 2005;McCaffery et al, 2006;McCurdy et al, 2011;O'Connor et al, 2014;Perrin et al, 2006;Tiro et al (2019); Waller, McCaffery, et al, 2007;Wyndham-West et al, 2018) and one was mixed-methods (Daley et al, 2010). A total of 12,789 women aged between 18 and 65 participated in twenty studies (n=12,244 quantitative; n=545 qualitative), of whom 4,305 were reported as having tested positive for HPV (n=3,874 quantitative; n=431 qualitative).…”

“…Six quantitative studies included measures of HPV-related shame or disgust (Daley et al, 2010;Ferenidou et al, 2012;Rodriguez et al, 2019;Ngu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2010Wang et al, , 2011: two used the 'selfimage' domain within a distress measure (Mast et al, 2009); one adapted an STD-related shame scale (Cunningham et al, 2002); and two used non-validated measures. Shame and disgust were higher in women testing positive for HPV with abnormal cytology when compared to normal cytology (Wang et al, 2010(Wang et al, , 2011, or HPV-negative with abnormal cytology (Wang et al, 2011) within 3-months of the result.…”

“Easy women get it”: pre-existing stigma associated with HPV and cervical cancer in a low-resource setting prior to implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program

“…In some cases, this led to a reluctance to seek screening for HPV. Studies from the perspective of women have similarly found that male chauvinism is associated with stigma of HPV [ 30 ] and that women fear abandonment due to a diagnosis of cervical cancer [ 12 ]. Additional studies in LMICs have also found stigma to be a barrier to cervical cancer screening uptake [ 3 , 4 ].…”