Cervical Cancer Prevention in the 21st Century: Cost Is Not the Only Issue

Maine, Deborah; Hurlburt, Sarah; Greeson, Dana

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300204

Cited by 51 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There are several recommended screening tests for cervical cancer, including cytological testing (Pap test), HPV DNA testing for high-risk strains of the HPV virus, and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (Maine, Hurlburt & Greeson, 2011;WHO, 2014). Cytological testing is the most common screening method used in developed countries and is accepted as the gold standard for screening, but it requires trained technicians and laboratories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, 50% of all cervical cancers cases occur in females who never had a Pap test until they were diagnosed with the disease, and an additional 10% of cases occur in females who have not been screened in the previous 5 years (Saslow et al, 2012). In addition, although HPV vaccines have been introduced and recommended for women aged 9 to 26 years as a method for cervical cancer prevention, vaccinated women still need screening to ensure protection because the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types (Maine et al, 2011;WHO, 2014;Wilyman, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

González

Suárez

Ortiz

2015

Women's Health Issues

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

González

Suárez

Ortiz

2015

Women's Health Issues

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“…Secondary vaccination against HPV was found to have the highest impact of the three choices of intervention. Different studies have emphasized the potential impact of vaccination as an intervention in reduction of HPV infection and cervical cancer mortality [21]. Secondary vaccination would account for a reduction of over 50% incidence rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment methods include cryotherapy, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure [LEEP], Cone biopsy and Laser ablation [21]. These methods are effective as long as the cervical cancer has not spread to beyond the local level.…”

Section: Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

System dynamics model of cervical cancer vaccination and screening interventions in Kenya

Kivuti-Bitok

McDonnell

Roudsari

et al. 2014

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Objectives: This paper presents a simulation model for evaluating the possible effects of a screening and vaccination campaign against Human Papillomavirus [HPV] in Kenya.Method: A System Dynamics model was developed using the iThink™ computer simulation package. The model was based on data extracted from epidemiological, demographic and published research and where data was not available, expert opinion was sought. The deterministic model stratified the population by vaccination status, screening status and HPV infection status. The model was simulated to estimate outputs for the next 50 years from 2011. Cost Utility indicators of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and cost per averted DALY were used for economic evaluation. Results:The model predicted that catch up vaccination had the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of cervical cancer. This was followed by Primary vaccination, with early detection through Screening having the lowest impact of the three choices of interventions in respect of averted cases of cervical cancer and DALY estimates.Conclusion: Kenya as a country should consider adoption of secondary /catch up vaccination as an immediate measure to curb cervical cancer followed by primary vaccination of pre-adolescent girls. Screening should be a complementary measure(s). This model provides a policy decision support vehicle that can allow for choice between different interventions based on their expected outcomes. It also allows modification to accommodate new research results and information to assess the clinical impact of different policies and interventions in cervical cancer management in Kenya.

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“…Even with the introduction of the HPV vaccine, the need for continuing cervical examinations (Pap smears) and screening (visual inspection with acetic acid -VIA) cannot be over-emphasized but may be overlooked if there is insufficient knowledge about the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Perceptions of HPV and the HPV Vaccine among Pre-adolescent Girls and their Guardians in Georgetown, Guyana

Tyrell¹,

Ramsammy-Boyce²

2015

West Indian Med J

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Objectives: To examine the knowledge and perceptions of 11-year old girls and their guardians toward the human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV (mandatory) useful and meaningful way and this will positively influence the decision-making process as it pertains to HPV vaccination. The Ministry of Health in Guyana has undertaken to introduce the HPV vaccine for 11-year old girls. Thus, a study that focusses on the knowledge and perceptions of the target population would be both timely and provide helpful, scientific data about the likely success of any HPV vaccination intervention. This study seeks to evaluate the knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer among 11-year old girls and their guardians; to examine their opinions about making the vaccine mandatory and their willingness to be vaccinated and also to compare their sources of health information for any significant differences. SUBJECTS AND METHODSA cross-sectional survey, on two different study populations, was carried out in May to June 2012, and was used to examine the level of knowledge in a sample of 11-year old girls and their guardians. To select the girls, five primary schools in Georgetown were chosen from among the 30 government/public schools listed by the Ministry of Education (MoE) for the Georgetown region. The schools were selected using systematic random sampling. The starting point was chosen using a table of random numbers and every other sixth school was then selected. Similarly, using the class register, every other two girls from each class were randomly chosen, totalling about 15-20 girls per school. One class per school was chosen if a school had more than one class of 11-year old girls. The head teacher together with the class teacher determined which class would be chosen based on availability on the timetable. The target sample size was 100 girls, considering that there are about 900 11-year old girls in the public school system in Georgetown based on verbal communication with an MoE official. The sample size was determined using an appropriate statistical formula for minimum sample and was estimated at 96 for a 95% level of confidence and using the formula N = Z 2 P (1-P)/d 2 where P or anticipated population proportion was set at 50% or 0; d or desired precision was set at 10% and for 95% level of confidence and z = 1.960 (11).The researchers intended to interview at least one guardian for each student which would give 100 guardians. A

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Cervical Cancer Prevention in the 21st Century: Cost Is Not the Only Issue

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

System dynamics model of cervical cancer vaccination and screening interventions in Kenya

Knowledge and Perceptions of HPV and the HPV Vaccine among Pre-adolescent Girls and their Guardians in Georgetown, Guyana

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