Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment-A Succinct Review

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer in women worldwide. In 2012, the most recent accounting, there were approximately 528,000 cases of cervical cancer and more than 266,000 deaths resulting from such [1]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly known sexually transmitted virus in the world; more than 75% of sexually active adults have been infected with HPV [2]. The interrelationship of this virus with the advancement of precancerous lesions (that can result in developing cervical cancer) has been established. For these reasons, cervical cancer could be considered a global epidemic. The prevention of cervical cancer via the HPV route is based on early detection. The sooner a woman learns of having contracted HPV and takes action, the better the outcome of treatment [3]. In developing countries, cervical cancer continues to be the prime cause of cancer-related deaths in women [4]. In advanced countries, the occurrence is relatively less due to concerted efforts in identifying precancerous lesions early on [5,6]. DNA testing for HPV, cytologic screening, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), together with HPV vaccines is some of the measures which have proved effective in reducing cervical cancer in susceptible women. Numerous studies have shown that women's awareness of the established link between HPV and cervical cancer, and the importance of cervical screening, is still lacking [7,8]. The favorable outcome of early cervical cancer screening and detection are proportional to women's awareness and understanding of cervical cancer, and its causes and prevention-and how to screen (test) for such [1].