Cervical Cancer Preventable, Treatable, but Continues to Kill Women

Chabra, Shakuntala

doi:10.4172/2161-0932.s4:112

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women globally; in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women 1 2. Cervical cancer develops from persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yeh

Kennedy

Vuyst³

et al. 2019

BMJ Glob Health

199

197

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IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling test kits may increase screening for and early detection of cervical cancer and reduce its burden globally. To inform WHO self-care guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of HPV self-sampling among adult women on cervical (pre-)cancer screening uptake, screening frequency, social harms/adverse events and linkage to clinical assessment/treatment.MethodsThe included studies compared women using cervical cancer screening services with HPV self-sampling with women using standard of care, measured at least one outcome, and were published in a peer-reviewed journal. We searched PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CNIAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Embase through October 2018. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the Evidence Project tool for non-randomised studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to generate pooled estimates of relative risk (RR).Results33 studies in 34 articles with 369 017 total participants met the inclusion criteria: 29 RCTs and 4 observational studies. All studies examined HPV self-sampling; comparison groups were standard of care (eg, Pap smear, visual inspection with acetic acid, clinician-collected HPV testing). 93% of participants were from high-income countries. All 33 studies measured cervical cancer screening uptake. Meta-analysis found greater screening uptake among HPV self-sampling participants compared with control (RR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.40). Effect size varied by HPV test kit dissemination method, whether mailed directly to home (RR: 2.27, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.71), offered door-to-door (RR: 2.37, 95% CI 1.12 to 5.03) or requested on demand (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.82). Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in linkage to clinical assessment/treatment between arms (RR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.57). No studies measured screening frequency or social harms/adverse events.ConclusionA growing evidence base, mainly from high-income countries and with significant heterogeneity, suggests HPV self-sampling can increase cervical cancer screening uptake compared with standard of care, with a marginal effect on linkage to clinical assessment/treatment.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018114871.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yeh

Kennedy

Vuyst³

et al. 2019

BMJ Glob Health

199

197

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“…With over 528,000 new cases and more than 266,000 deaths in 2012 alone, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and second for women ages 15 to 44( Bailey et al, 2016 ). Roughly 740 deaths per day occur due to cervical cancer ( Small et al, 2017 ), making it the second most common cause of cancer death in women ( Chabra, 2016 ). This statistic is predicted to only rise, with an estimated 443,000 annual deaths by 2030—a 67% increase and double the expected maternal mortality from pregnancy complications ( Cervical Cancer Action, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the rate has remained unchanged or even risen in many LMIC ( Organization, 2016 ). In East Africa and South Asia, cervical cancer remains the most common cancer in women, and the number one cause of death ( Chabra, 2016 ). Moreover, it is important to consider these statistics in the context of local and national tumor registries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer in low and middle income countries: Addressing barriers to radiotherapy delivery

LaVigne

Triedman

Randall

et al. 2017

Gynecologic Oncology Reports

124

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The global cervical cancer burden falls disproportionately upon women in low and middle-income countries. Insufficient infrastructure, lack of access to preventive HPV vaccines, screening, and treatment, as well as limited trained personnel and training opportunities, continue to impede efforts to reduce incidence and mortality in these nations. These hurdles have been substantial challenges to radiation delivery in particular, preventing treatment for a disease in which radiation is a cornerstone of curative therapy. In this review, we discuss the breadth of these barriers, while illustrating the need for adaptive approaches by proposing the use of brachytherapy alone in the absence of available external beam radiotherapy. Such modifications to current guidelines are essential to maximize radiation treatment for cervical cancer in limited resource settings.

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“…Approximately 740 deaths occur daily as a result of cervical cancer ( Small Jr. et al, 2017 ), making it the second most common cause of cancer death in women. In portions of Africa and South Asia, cervical cancer remains the most common cancer in women, and the number one cause of death ( Chabra, 2016 ). The entire continent of Africa is functioning at about 25% of its potential capacity to treat cervical cancer ( Abdel-Wahab et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Radiation Therapy In Low- and Middle-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and cancer of the cervix in low- and middle-income countries

Olpin

Chuang

Berek

et al. 2018

Gynecologic Oncology Reports

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Cervix cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally but the second most cancer in women in resource-limited countries. It has remained a clinically-staged neoplasm as per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging classification. As the imaging machines are becoming more available worldwide, the resource-stratified guidelines recommended the inclusion of imaging whenever possible to guide treatment planning. In this report, the utility of imaging in low- and middle-income countries for diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the cervix will be reviewed.

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Cervical Cancer Preventable, Treatable, but Continues to Kill Women

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cervical cancer in low and middle income countries: Addressing barriers to radiotherapy delivery

Imaging and cancer of the cervix in low- and middle-income countries

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