Cervical Cancer: Early Detection and Prevention in Reproductive Age Group

Abstract

Cancer has been one of the major illnesses faced by people over many generations. Despite the advancements made in medicine, there are still many problems faced by humankind. Every year a large number of people are diagnosed with cervical cancer. It is the most common type of cancerous condition prevalent among females, especially females over thirty years of age. Like any other cancer, cervical cancer also occurs because of the rapid uncontrolled division of the body cells. A primary reason for its development is the longstanding infection of certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). A screening test is done to confirm the presence of the virus in the cervix. Many screening tests are available today for accurate diagnosis or confirmation of the condition being suffered from. The main goal of screening is early detection and making certain lifestyle changes to deduce the potential harm of the disease and start the treatment as soon as possible. A thorough study of the already published articles by scholars, professors, and doctors is carried out to conclude the necessity of cervical cancer screening and early detection.

Next-Generation Femtech: Urine-Based Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Using a Fluorescent Biothiol Probe with Controlled Smiles Rearrangement

“…For example, cervical cancer diagnosis requires the uncomfortable procedure of collecting cells from the cervix, the lower and narrow end of the uterus located at the top of the vagina. This method called a “Pap smear” can pose physical discomfort and hinder the early detection and the subsequent treatment of cervical cancer. , Cervical cancer is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the cervical lining, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent type . In its initial stages, cervical cancer might not have noticeable symptoms.…”

“…This method called a "Pap smear" can pose physical discomfort and hinder the early detection and the subsequent treatment of cervical cancer. 3,4 Cervical cancer is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the cervical lining, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent type. 5 In its initial stages, cervical cancer might not have noticeable symptoms.…”

Implications of viral infections and oncogenesis in uterine cervical carcinoma etiology and pathogenesis

“…Although extensive research has been conducted on the etiology and pathogenesis of UCC, the precise mechanisms underlying its development are not yet fully understood. Various factors, such as age ( Basoya and Anjankar, 2022 ; Yuan et al, 2023 ), obesity ( Frumovitz et al, 2014 ; Coffey et al, 2016 ; Sassenou et al, 2021 ; Bohn et al, 2022 ), hormonal imbalances ( Zidi et al, 2020 ; Iversen et al, 2021 ; Lasche et al, 2022 ), genetic predisposition ( Chandra et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2022b ; Yadav et al, 2023a ), and environmental exposures ( Kycler et al, 2017 ; Korsakov et al, 2022 ), have been implicated in UCC development. Recently, a growing body of evidence has highlighted viral infections, particularly the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), as a key factor in UCC pathogenesis ( Figueiredo et al, 2023 ; Gilham et al, 2023 ; Smith et al, 2023 ).…”

The association between HIV infection and precancerous cervical lesion. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of case–control studies

“…Early detection and management of the precancerous cervical lesion is an effective way of preventing this life‐threatening disease 3 . Women who present to care with an advanced disease stage have a higher risk of mortality and a poor prognosis 5,6 . However, more than half of women in Ethiopia present for care at a later stage of the disease 7 …”

“…3 Women who present to care with an advanced disease stage have a higher risk of mortality and a poor prognosis. 5,6 However, more than half of women in Ethiopia present for care at a later stage of the disease. 7 Given the low uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among eligible women in Ethiopia, early determination of the precancerous lesion forms the foundation for the prevention and control of this important disease.…”