Cervical cancer: a meta-analysis, therapy and future of nanomedicine

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death, with an annual mortality rate exceeding 200,000 in developing communities. Despite the past decade bearing witness to a reduction in cervical cancer cases throughout developed countries, the prevalence in developing countries continues to rapidly rise. The increase in cervical cancer cases is attributed to the lack of financial resources and the unavoidable risk factors of the disease. Traditional means of anticancer therapy are compromised by reduced drug potency, non-specificity, negative side effects and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR), which leads to a decrease in the long-term anticancer therapeutic efficacy. Recent advances in nanomedicine have elucidated the potential of nanoparticles to reduce the side effects and improve the survival rate of patients, by enhancing selective delivery and uptake of photosensitive, therapeutic and genetic material to cervical cancer cells, thereby enhancing antitumour efficiency. This review paper analyses the risk factors and epidemiology of cervical cancer globally, especially in developing communities, whilst demonstrating the enhanced anticancer treatment using selected nanoparticles.

Long non‑coding RNA USP30‑AS1 aggravates the malignant progression of cervical cancer by sequestering microRNA‑299‑3p and thereby overexpressing PTP4A1

“…Currently, the primary treatments for cervical cancer are a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (4). To date, despite improvements in the clinical outcomes of cervical cancer following first-line treatments, its prognosis remains unsatisfactory (5). Furthermore, distant metastasis and tumour recurrence make cervical cancer a highly malignant and deadly human cancer (6).…”

Combined delivery of salinomycin and docetaxel by dual-targeting gelatinase nanoparticles effectively inhibits cervical cancer cells and cancer stem cells

“…Despite numerous advances made in cancer treatment, chemotherapy remains of great importance to treat cervical cancer (CC) especially in developing countries, where the incidence of CC remains high (Venkatas & Singh, 2020). However, the nonspecific biodistribution and the following cellular damages impose considerable drawbacks in its clinical utility.…”

Investigation of the association between ten pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases and high‑risk human papilloma virus infection in Shanghai

“…Cervical cancer is one type of gynecological malignant tumors with a high incidence rate, which continues to increase year by year. Annually, over 200,000 patients die of cervical cancer worldwide, ( 1 ) and 85% of patients are from developing countries ( 1 , 2 ). Moreover, cervical cancer has predominated in China ( 3 ).…”