Cervical cancer, a disease of poverty: mortality differences between urban and rural areas in Mexico

Palacio-Mejía, Lina Sofía; Rangel-Gómez, Gudelia; Hernández-Ávila, Mauricio; Lazcano‐Ponce, Eduardo

doi:10.1590/s0036-36342003000900005

Cited by 96 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that cervical cancer is much more prevalent among rural than urban women in developing countries [14,15]. Similar findings were also reported in developed regions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Knowledge and Attitudes About HPV Infection, HPV Vaccination, and Cervical Cancer Among Rural Southeast Asian Women

Wong

2010

Int.J. Behav. Med.

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Background The incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is high and even higher among women in rural areas in these countries. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer among young women in rural settings in a Southeast Asia country. Methods A convenience sample of ethnically diverse young rural women in Malaysia was surveyed. Participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Results Among the participants (N=449), knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccination, cervical screening, and cervical cancer risk factors was extremely poor. The mean total knowledge score (14 items) was 2.37 (SD±1.97). Although many had never heard of the newly released HPV vaccine, two-thirds professed an intention to receive the HPV vaccine. Intention to receive the vaccine was significantly associated with knowledge of cervical screening and cervical cancer risk factors (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.03-1.33; P=0.013). Reasons for vaccine refusal were doubts about safety and efficacy of the new vaccine (27.4%), perceived embarrassment at receiving an STI vaccine (20.7%), and perception of not being at risk of HPV infection (20.0%). Conclusions Providing HPV education to the rural residents is a high priority.

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“…It has been reported that cervical cancer is much more prevalent among rural than urban women in developing countries [14,15]. Similar findings were also reported in developed regions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Knowledge and Attitudes About HPV Infection, HPV Vaccination, and Cervical Cancer Among Rural Southeast Asian Women

Wong

2010

Int.J. Behav. Med.

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“…18,[20][21][22] Socio-economic factors Worldwide women of low socio-economic status have a greater risk of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is often referred to as a disease of poverty 23 RI Anorlu / Reproductive Health Matters 2008;16(32): [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and of poor women. 24 Poverty is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Factors Responsible For Cervical Cancer In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer: the sub-Saharan African perspective

Anorlu¹

2008

Reproductive Health Matters

265

243

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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries. While incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer have fallen significantly in developed countries, 83% of all new cases that occur annually and 85% of all deaths from the disease occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence is on the increase in some countries. Knowledge and awareness of this disease on the continent are very poor and mortality still very high. Facilities for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are still very inadequate in many countries in the region. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa must recognise cervical cancer as a major public health concern and allocate appropriate resources for its prevention and treatment, and for research. Indeed, cervical cancer in this region must be accorded the same priority as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and childhood immunisations.

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“…In Mexico, for example, rural women had a three-fold higher risk of cervical cancer mortality than urban women. 14 In Australia, Aboriginal women living in metropolitan areas were more than four times as likely as non-Aboriginal women to die from cervical cancer, while Aboriginal women living in remote areas were more than 18 times as likely to die. 15 A further disparity in the epidemiology of the disease is in age distribution, whereby women in developing countries are more likely to die from cervical cancer at younger ages than women in wealthier countries (Figure 1).…”

Section: Incidence and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%